THE OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF SAINT MARY'S COMMUNITY THE OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF SAINT MARY'S COMMUNITY ON THEIR RESERVATION WAS IN 1867. THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT IT WAS USED AS A CAMPGROUND AND AT LEAST AS EARLY AS 1818, THE YEAR OF A WIGWAM SITE. THEY HAVE INDICATIONS THAT IT WAS A CAMPGROUND IN THE EARLY 1800'S.
MOST OF THE FOLKS WHO USED THIS SITE CAME FROM MALISEET VILLAGE IN KINGSCLEAR. BUT SINCE OUR PEOPLE REGULARLY TRAVEL UP AND DOWN RIVER AS PART OF THEIR MIGRATIONS, THERE WAS A MIXTURE OF PEOPLE FROM FROM ALL VILLAGES. THERE IS LITTLE DOUBT THAT THE MALISEET TRAVELERS WERE ATTRACTIVE SINCE IT WAS CLOSE TO FURS, BASKETS, MOCCASSINS, AND SNOW SHOES THAT THEY TRADED.
THE EARLIEST WRITTEN EVIDENCE AT ST. MARY'S CAME IN 1832 AND AGAIN IN 1814. THEY CALLED IT THE INJUN CAMP, AS AN INSULT. BY 1947 THEY CHANGED THE NAME TO DEVON. THEY BUILT A MISSION FOR THE MALISEETS IN THE AREA AND THERE WAS A CHURCH OF ST. ANNE. GABE IS A RECOGNIZED FOUNDERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY OF ST. MARY'S IN 1847. IT WAS A MALISEET COMMUNITY AT THE TIME.
HE MET A WOMAN AND LIVED A MIGRATORY LIFESTYLE. HE FOUND REGULAR EMPLOYMENT AS A GUIDE FOR TOURISTS BY 1850'S AND HIS WIFE WAS KNOWN FOR HER BEADWORK. HE CLEARED 14 ACRES AND PLANTED A GARDEN AND LIVED IN A WIGWAM UNTIL 1857 WHEN HE BUILT A HOUSE WHICH GAVE HIM RECOGNITION AS FOUNDER.
BY 1861 SAINT MARYS HAD GROWN FROM 9 HOUSEHOLDS TO 21 HOUSEHOLDS. SOME OF THESE FOLKS WERE HUNTING GUIDES, SOME ARTISTS, AND CRAFTSMEN, AND CANOEMAKERS. THEY HAD A LARGE GROWTH OF POPULAQTION. THEN THEY EXPERIENCED THEFT OF THEIR LANDS AND DESTRUCTION OF HUNTING BOUNDARIES, STARVATION, DISEASE FOR MALISEET. THIS WAS DUE TO GREED OF THE NEW PIONEERS. IN 1844 THEY PASSED THE ACT OF DISPOSING LANDS RESERVED FOR THE INDIANS AND THE ANGLOS WERE INVOLVED IN FRAUD AS RAILROAD BARONS/ LEGISLATURES BY GRANTING MORE LANDS TO ENGLAND. THE MID 1800'S HAD INTENSE RASICM AS OTHER PEOPLE CONSIDERED THE NATIVE PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD IN LITURATURE AS SAVAGE, LAZY, AND LESS THAN HUMAN. THE MALISEET AND OTHERS EXPERIENCED RACISM. HOWEVER, THIS TRIBE WAS BOTH STRONG AND HAD RESISTENCE TO REPEATED REMOVAK EFFORTS. IN 1865 THEIR LAND WAS SOLD TO AN ANGLO, MR. HUGHES.BY 1865 THE GOVERNMENT AGREED TO BUY A PIECE OF LAND FOR THE MALISEETS. THEIR LAND MEASURED 2 1/2 ACRES. THE FIRST FEDERAL AGENT TO BE APPOINTED HAD THE JOB OF ASSIMILATING AND CIVILIZING INDIANS THROUGH AGRICULTURE, SCHOOLING AND REDUCTION OF GOVERNMENT RESISTANCE TO INDIANS.
THE NATIVES HAD RESISTED THIS AND COMPLAINED SINCE THEY WERE IMPLEMENTED AT THE SAME TIME FISH AND GAME WERE RESTRICTED AND A WORLD OF LAWS WERE RESTRICTED AND AWARDED A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION. THE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES SUFFERED AND REFUSED TO PUT THEIR KIDS IN ANGLO SCHOOLS. THEY HAD NO SPACE FOR AGRICULTURE, POOR HEALTH, LIMITED WORK OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOGGING, RAFTING, GUIDING, TRAPPING, AND THE MAKING OF BASKETS, CANOES, AND MOCCASINS.
IN 1884, THE INDIANADVANCEMENT ACT GAVE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES A MISSION TO SEEK RESTORATION OF THEIR LANDS. IN 1885 THEY BUILT A BRIDGE OVER ST. JOHN'S RIVER AND THEY BUILT FACTORIES FOR MANUFACTURING CANOES AND SHOEPACKS. SOME OF THE NATIVES HAD TO TRAVEL TO SELL THEIR GOODS AND WORK IN THE WOODS AND MILLS. THESE FOLKS ARE STILL UNSETTLED WITH MANY ISSUES AND STILL STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL.
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Monday, October 31, 2011
MADAWASKA INDIANS IN NEW BRUNSWICK
MADEWASKA LIVE ON A KNOLL NEAR EDMONSTON, NEW BRUNSWICK ON THE ROAD TO SAINT BASILE. THIS IS THEIR RESERVATIONAND THE REMNANTS OF THE ANCIENT CAPITAL OF THE SAINT JOHN RIVER. THE VALIENT MALECITE WERE AN ALLY TO ACADIA AND WERE ENEMIES OF NEW ENGLAND PIONEERS. TRADITION HAS IT THAT THIS SITE WAS KNOWN AS MADOUESKAK. THIS SETTLEMENT WAS CALLED MADOUESKAK. IT WAS HERE FOR SEVERAL CENTURIES BEFORE THE FRENCH EXPLORATION OF ACADIA AND CANADA. THE INDIAN VILLAGE HAD ABOUT 300 FOLKS AND WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT CENTER OF THE MALACITE TRIBE.
THE MALICITES WERE PART OF THE ABENAKIS NATION AND PASSAMAQUODDYS. THE WORD MADAWASKA IS OF MICMAC ORIGIN. MADOULS MEANS "PORCUPINE" AND KAK MEANS "PLACE". THEY LIVE IN IN THE LAND OF THE PORCUPINE. THE ABORIGINES OF THE VALLEY COULD BE THE MICMACS.
THE MALICITES WERE A NOMADIC PEOPLE. THEY FISHED, HUNTED DEER AND MOOSE, AND THEY ALSO CHASED MOHAWKS. THEIR VILLAGE WAS ALMOST DESERTED. THE TRIBE OF THE MADAWASKA OCCUPIED ALL OF THE ST. JOHN VALLEY FROM THE GRAND FALLS, NEW BRUNSWICK TO QUEBEC. THEIR CAPITAL WAS THE MOUTH OF THE MADAWASKA RIVER. THIS VILLAGE WAS SURROUNDED BY A THICK STOCKADE OF TREES THAT WAS IMPENETRABLE. THE INDIANS FROM LOWER ST. JOHN VALLEY AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE KENEBEC TOOK REFUGE IN THESE TREES DURING ENEMY INCURSIONS.
THERE WERE A NUMBER OF WARS IN THE AREA AND SEVERAL MASSACRES WHEN THE IROQUOIS ARRIVED AT THE VILLAGE OF THE MADAOVESKAKS. THEY FOUND THEIR GREAT CHIEF OF THE MALICITES HAD ORGANIZED A DEFENSE OF HIS FORT WITH 100 WARRIORS. THE MALECITES GAVE UP THE STRUGGLE. THERE WAS CONSTANT DISASTER. THE IROQUOIS ORDER THE CHIEF OF THE MADOUESKAKS TO SURRENDER THE FORT . HE SAID YOUR EVIL MASTER TO SHOW HIMSELF ON MY FIELDS. THEY WERE AGAIN DEFEATED. THEY ATTRIBUTED THEIR BAD LUCK TO THE EVIL ONE. THEY HAVE MANY LEGENDS.
ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS THEY HAD WEAPONS 400 YEARS BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THIS TERRITORY. BY 1787 IN MADAWASKA RIVER THE SURVEYOR GENERAAL FOUND AN INDIAN VILLAGE OF 60 FAMILIES. THEY ARE VISITED BY PRIESTS.
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THE MALICITES WERE PART OF THE ABENAKIS NATION AND PASSAMAQUODDYS. THE WORD MADAWASKA IS OF MICMAC ORIGIN. MADOULS MEANS "PORCUPINE" AND KAK MEANS "PLACE". THEY LIVE IN IN THE LAND OF THE PORCUPINE. THE ABORIGINES OF THE VALLEY COULD BE THE MICMACS.
THE MALICITES WERE A NOMADIC PEOPLE. THEY FISHED, HUNTED DEER AND MOOSE, AND THEY ALSO CHASED MOHAWKS. THEIR VILLAGE WAS ALMOST DESERTED. THE TRIBE OF THE MADAWASKA OCCUPIED ALL OF THE ST. JOHN VALLEY FROM THE GRAND FALLS, NEW BRUNSWICK TO QUEBEC. THEIR CAPITAL WAS THE MOUTH OF THE MADAWASKA RIVER. THIS VILLAGE WAS SURROUNDED BY A THICK STOCKADE OF TREES THAT WAS IMPENETRABLE. THE INDIANS FROM LOWER ST. JOHN VALLEY AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE KENEBEC TOOK REFUGE IN THESE TREES DURING ENEMY INCURSIONS.
THERE WERE A NUMBER OF WARS IN THE AREA AND SEVERAL MASSACRES WHEN THE IROQUOIS ARRIVED AT THE VILLAGE OF THE MADAOVESKAKS. THEY FOUND THEIR GREAT CHIEF OF THE MALICITES HAD ORGANIZED A DEFENSE OF HIS FORT WITH 100 WARRIORS. THE MALECITES GAVE UP THE STRUGGLE. THERE WAS CONSTANT DISASTER. THE IROQUOIS ORDER THE CHIEF OF THE MADOUESKAKS TO SURRENDER THE FORT . HE SAID YOUR EVIL MASTER TO SHOW HIMSELF ON MY FIELDS. THEY WERE AGAIN DEFEATED. THEY ATTRIBUTED THEIR BAD LUCK TO THE EVIL ONE. THEY HAVE MANY LEGENDS.
ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS THEY HAD WEAPONS 400 YEARS BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THIS TERRITORY. BY 1787 IN MADAWASKA RIVER THE SURVEYOR GENERAAL FOUND AN INDIAN VILLAGE OF 60 FAMILIES. THEY ARE VISITED BY PRIESTS.
ARCADIAN.ORG
ART SHOW AT CHURCH OF RELIGIOUS SCIENCE
I WENT TO THE ART SHOW AT THE CHURCH OF RELIGIOUS SCIENCE. I SAW A NUMBER OF GREAT PAINTINGS, JEWELRY, PHOTOS, QUILTS, AS WELL AS WEAVINGS. I MET MY FRIENDS FROM HEALDSBURG. I WAS AMAZED AT HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE ARTISTS. SOME OF THE SALES MONEY OF THESE PROJECTS GOES TO THE CHURCH. I SPOKE TO THE OLDER FOLKS AND MET SOME YOUNGER PEOPLE ALSO. ONE 17 YEAR OLD WAS DOING SOME MAGIC SHOW WITH COINS AND WITH CARDS. I DIDN'T QUITE UNDERSTAND WHAT HE WAS DOING AS THERE WERE PEOPLE IN FRONT OF ME. HE SAID HE WAS GOING TO MOVE TO SAN FRANCISCO TO GET HIS ACT GOING.I MET A MAN WHO HAD SAND BLASTED SMALL AND LARGE STONES WITH CELTIC DESIGNS. I KNOW HE HAS BEEN COMING TO THIS CHURCH A LONG TIME. I ALSO REMET A LADY WHO LED ANIMAL MINISTRIES FOR THE CHURCH. I MET AN INTERESTING 22 YEAR OLD BLACK YOUNG MAN AND HIS FATHER. THEY WERE INTERESTED IN MY STORY OF MY MANY ETHNICITIES AND MY BACKGROUND AND HOW I MET MY HUSBAND. HE WAS THE SAME AGE AS MY SON AND HAD HEARD OF PAT LIVES. HE WAS INTERESTED IN MEETING MY SON. I ESPECIALLY LIKED THE FOUR FLUTE PLAYERS WHO PLAYED FOR HOURS UPSTAIRS. IT WAS ALSO WELL SUPPLIED WITH GREAT FOOD TRAYS AND THEY HAD MANY ART PIECES FOR AUCTION.
CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING
YESTERDAY I ATTENDED THIS CHURCH AND THERE WAS AN ENERGETIC YOUNG MINISTER FROM COLORADO. HER MESSAGE WAS HOW YOU CAN HEAL YOUR PAST. THERE WAS A GREAT SINGER AND BAND ALSO. SHE SAID OUR THOUGHTS ARE OFTEN THAT WE ARE NOT ENOUGH. WE ARE ALL WHOLE JUST AS WE ARE. FORGIVE EVEYONE. WHENEVER WE LOVE OURSELVES EVERTTHING WORKS. SHE EXPLAINED THAT SHE CAME FROM AN ABUSIVE FAMILY. HEAL VENGEFUL WAYS OF THINKING - NO ONE WINS. HEAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERS - MOST OF OUR BELIEFS ARE ENCODED BY 3 YEARS OLD. SAFETY IS AN ISSUE AS MANY OF US HAVE FEARS - LEARN TO RELEASE THEM AND FEEL SECURE. LOVE YOURSELF - NO ONE HAS POWER TO MAKE US FEEL GOOD. JUDGEMENT OF PEOPLE IS DETERMINED FROM WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE ON THE OUTSIDE. BUT WE SHOULD NOT PREJUDGE PEOPLE. ANGER IS FEELING THE CREATES EATING DISORDERS. LEARN WHO YOU CAN TALK TO TO RELEASE YOUR ANGER. TO BE HEALTHY WE CAN SHIFT OUR THINKING AND LET THE GOOD ENTER. NOTHING CAN STOP YOU, EVERY MORNING IS A NEW ARRIVAL. DO NOT LET YOUR PAST DEFINE WHO YOU ARE. SHE WAS ALSO A GREAT SINGER.
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
MY EXPERIENCE SAVING THE LIFE OF A GIRLFRIEND
WHEN I WAS A MOM TAKING CARE OF OF MY SON, I GOT A CALL FROM ONE OF MY GIRLFRIEND'S WHO LIVED NEARBY US. SHE DID NOT KNOW SHE DID NOT KNOW WHAT HAPPENED BUT WAS IN PAIN AND ASKED ME TO TAKE HER TO THE HOSPITAL. IT WAS AN UNLIKELY EXPERIENCE AS MY CAR WAS IN MY GARAGE AND IT DID NOT OPEN WITH MY BUTTON. I HAQD A NEIGHBOR FIGURE IT OUT. MY SON WAS IN SCHOOL. AFTER I GOT TO HER HOUSE ANOTHER GIRLFRIEND WAS THEIR AND BOTH OF US HAD TO HELP HER GET INTO MY CAR TO TAKE HER TO THE NEARBY EMERGENCY ROOM. I DON'T KNOW WHY SHE DID NOT CALL AN AMBULANCE. IN ANY CASE THEY CALLED HER HUSBAND WHO WAS IN A NEARBY TOWN. HE CAME THERE SOON. SHE HAD A MINOR HEART ATTACK AND THEY MOVED HER TO THE MAIN HOSPITAL WHERE SHE HAD OPEN HEART SURGERY BY A VERY RELIABLE SURGEON. IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE TO ME TO HEAR ABOUT THIS SINCE SHE WAS YOUNG AND VERY THIN. I GUESS SHE MIGHT HAVE BEEN UNDER STRESS WITH FOUR KIDS..?
IN ANY CASE SHE WAS IN THE HOSPITAL FOR ABOUT A WEEK OR SO. I FOUND OUT THAT HER HUSBAND DID NOT KNOW HOW TO COOK! I MADE THEM A MEAL OR TWO. I GUESS HE LEARNED AFTER THAT. I ALSO WENT TO THE HOSPITAL TO VISIT HER AND BRING HER SOME ROSES FROM OUR GARDEN. IT TOOK HER SEVERAL MONTHS TO RECOUPERATE WITH SOME SETBACKS AS USUAL. I VISITED HER AND CHATTED WITH HER AS I WAS MAKING A FOUNTAIN BUSINESS AS I RAISED MY SON. I'LL NEVER FORGET THIS EXPERIENCE. I HAD SOME OF HER FRIENDS OVER FOR A SMALL BRUNCH DURING HER RECOVERY PERIOD. COOKING MAKES ME HAPPY. AND I'M ALSO A PEOPLE PERSON. I REALIZED THAT RAISING A CHILD WITHOUT ANY RELATIVES NEARBY IS A LONELY EXPERIENCE. SO I JOINED A MOM'S GROUP IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS AND JOINED A CHURCH. WE ALL HAD SIMILAR ISSUES TO DISCUSS.
IN ANY CASE SHE WAS IN THE HOSPITAL FOR ABOUT A WEEK OR SO. I FOUND OUT THAT HER HUSBAND DID NOT KNOW HOW TO COOK! I MADE THEM A MEAL OR TWO. I GUESS HE LEARNED AFTER THAT. I ALSO WENT TO THE HOSPITAL TO VISIT HER AND BRING HER SOME ROSES FROM OUR GARDEN. IT TOOK HER SEVERAL MONTHS TO RECOUPERATE WITH SOME SETBACKS AS USUAL. I VISITED HER AND CHATTED WITH HER AS I WAS MAKING A FOUNTAIN BUSINESS AS I RAISED MY SON. I'LL NEVER FORGET THIS EXPERIENCE. I HAD SOME OF HER FRIENDS OVER FOR A SMALL BRUNCH DURING HER RECOVERY PERIOD. COOKING MAKES ME HAPPY. AND I'M ALSO A PEOPLE PERSON. I REALIZED THAT RAISING A CHILD WITHOUT ANY RELATIVES NEARBY IS A LONELY EXPERIENCE. SO I JOINED A MOM'S GROUP IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS AND JOINED A CHURCH. WE ALL HAD SIMILAR ISSUES TO DISCUSS.
SLAVEY INDIANS IN CANADA
THESE FOLK LIVE IN FORT NELSON IN THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. THEY HAVE MANY DEPARTMENTS. THEY SPEAK DENI THA, AN ATHABASKAN LANGUAGE. ABOUT 2500 PEOPLE SPEAK THIS LANGUAGE. THEY LIVE IN A BOREAL FOREST OF THE SUBARCTIC. THEY HAVE MANY LAKES. THEY ARE CULTURALLY RELATED TO THE HARE, GUNRICHIN, IN DOGRIB. THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THEY HAVE BEEN HERE FOR AT LEAST 3000 B.C., OR 5000 YEARS. THEY USED TO FISH A LOT, HUNT SMALL GAME, MOOSE, CARIBOU, AND GATHER BERRIES. IN WINTER THEY CAMPED IN GROUPS OF 30 RELATED FOLKS. DURING SUMMER THEY ALL CAME TOGETHER BRIEFLY WITH 300 FOLKS.
BY 1789 MACKENZIE WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO MEET THEM. AFTER 1821 HUDSON BAY COMPANY DEVELOPED FORT SIMPSON. THEY LIVED IN SMALL KIN BASED COMMUNITIES. THEY SPOKE THEIR OWN LANGUAGE, HARVESTED TRADITIONAL FOODS.
THEY NOW HAVE A WEBSITE WITH TRADITIONAL USE AREA AND A COMMUNITY OF ARTISTS. THE DENEARE KNOWN AS THE SLAVEY, THE NORTHERNMOST TRIBE IN ALBERTA. THE NAME SLAVEY WAS DEROGATORY BY THEIR ENEMIES THE CREE. THEY HAD SMALL BANDS WITH NO LEADERSHIP. THEY WERE A PEACEFUL PEOPLE AND HAD A REPUTATION OF BEING POWERFUL SORCERERS. THEY WORE DECORATIVE CLOTHING, WERE PEACEFUL, AND HAD FEW ENEMIES. THEY USED PORCUPINE QUILLS TO DECORATE CLOTHING. THE WOMEN ARE RENOWNED FOR THEIR BEAUTIFUL BEADWORK.
WAYBACKARCHIVEIT.ORG
BY 1789 MACKENZIE WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO MEET THEM. AFTER 1821 HUDSON BAY COMPANY DEVELOPED FORT SIMPSON. THEY LIVED IN SMALL KIN BASED COMMUNITIES. THEY SPOKE THEIR OWN LANGUAGE, HARVESTED TRADITIONAL FOODS.
THEY NOW HAVE A WEBSITE WITH TRADITIONAL USE AREA AND A COMMUNITY OF ARTISTS. THE DENEARE KNOWN AS THE SLAVEY, THE NORTHERNMOST TRIBE IN ALBERTA. THE NAME SLAVEY WAS DEROGATORY BY THEIR ENEMIES THE CREE. THEY HAD SMALL BANDS WITH NO LEADERSHIP. THEY WERE A PEACEFUL PEOPLE AND HAD A REPUTATION OF BEING POWERFUL SORCERERS. THEY WORE DECORATIVE CLOTHING, WERE PEACEFUL, AND HAD FEW ENEMIES. THEY USED PORCUPINE QUILLS TO DECORATE CLOTHING. THE WOMEN ARE RENOWNED FOR THEIR BEAUTIFUL BEADWORK.
WAYBACKARCHIVEIT.ORG
SARCEE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN CANADA
THIS TRIBE IS A VIABLE TRIBE WITH TRAGEDIES AND STRUGGLES AND TRAGEDIES. THE SARCEE ARE AN ATHABASKAN OR DENE TRIBE AND MEANS "BOLDNESS OR HARDINESS. THEY CALL THEMSELVES "TSUUTINA" OR MANY PEOPLE. AFTER THE TREATY OF 1877 THE SARCEE MOVED TO THEIR PRESENT RESERVATION.
ACCORDING TO A LEGEND THEY SPLIT WITH THE NORTHERN TRIBES. PROBABLY THE BEAVER MOVED TO THE PLAINS WHEN THEY ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE BLACKFOOT, CREE, AND STONY TRIBES. THEY HAVE ATTAINED THEIR LANGUAGE. IN 1857 THEIR POPULATION WAS ABOUT 1400. IN THE 1830'S SMALLPOX, SCARLET FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES, AS WELL AS WAR REDUCED THEM TO TO 450. HOWEVER, THEY INCREASED TO 1990. EACH BAND CAMPED IN TIPIS AND HUNTED DURING THE WINTER. DURING THE SUMMER ALL BANDS MET TO HUNT BUFFALO, COLLECT BERRIES, AND HAVE FESTIVALS AND DANCES. THEY BELIEVED THEY HAD A SUPERNATURAL POWER ATTAINED THROUGH A DREAM, AND IT WAS ENSHRINED IN A MEDICINAL OBJECT OR TIPI PAINTING. THE QUEST FOR SUPERNATURAL POWER WAS HIGHLY VALUED.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
ACCORDING TO A LEGEND THEY SPLIT WITH THE NORTHERN TRIBES. PROBABLY THE BEAVER MOVED TO THE PLAINS WHEN THEY ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE BLACKFOOT, CREE, AND STONY TRIBES. THEY HAVE ATTAINED THEIR LANGUAGE. IN 1857 THEIR POPULATION WAS ABOUT 1400. IN THE 1830'S SMALLPOX, SCARLET FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES, AS WELL AS WAR REDUCED THEM TO TO 450. HOWEVER, THEY INCREASED TO 1990. EACH BAND CAMPED IN TIPIS AND HUNTED DURING THE WINTER. DURING THE SUMMER ALL BANDS MET TO HUNT BUFFALO, COLLECT BERRIES, AND HAVE FESTIVALS AND DANCES. THEY BELIEVED THEY HAD A SUPERNATURAL POWER ATTAINED THROUGH A DREAM, AND IT WAS ENSHRINED IN A MEDICINAL OBJECT OR TIPI PAINTING. THE QUEST FOR SUPERNATURAL POWER WAS HIGHLY VALUED.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
CREE INDIANS IN CANADA - PART 2
THE MOTHERS MADE CRADLEBOARDS SO THEY COULD HAVE FREEDOM WITH THEIR HANDS. MEN WERE HUNTERS AND FISHERS AND WENT TO WAR TO PROTECT THEIE CHILDREN . THE WOMEN CARED FOR THE FAMILY , BUILT THE HOUSES, GATHERED PLANTS AND MEDICINALS. BOTH DID STORYTELLING, ART, AND MUSIC, AND FESTIVALS. IN THE PAST THE CHIEF WAS ALWAYS A MAN. TODAY A WOMAN CAN ALSO BE ONE. THEY MADE CLOTHING FROM DEERSKIN WHEN COLD. MEN WORE BREECHCLOTHES WHEN WARM. THEY LATER WORE ANGLO CLOTHES WITH BEADWORK, EMBROIDERY, AND RIBBON FOR COSTUMES.
THEY WORE FUR AND LEATHER CAPS WITH FEATHERS. THE CHIEFS WORE LONG FEATHER HEADRESSES. BOTH SEXES WORE THEIR HAIR IN LONG BRAIDS AND PAINTED THEIR FACES FOR CEREMONIES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. THEY MADE MOCCASINS.
THEY BUILT BIRCHBARK CANOES THAT THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR. AFTER ANGLOS CAME THEY BUILT THEM WITH CANVAS. IT IS STILL POPULAR TODAY. THEY USE DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS FOR SLEDS FOR WINTER TRAVEL. THEY ALSO MAKE AND WEAR SNOWSHOES.
THEIR FOOD WAS PRIMARILY CARIBOU WHO CAUGHT CARIBOU, ELK, MOOSE, AND SMALL GAME. THE PLAINS CREE HUNTED BUFFALO. THE EASTERN CREE FISHED AND HUNTED SEALS WITH CANOES.
WHEN HUNTING BUFFALO THEY USED CONTROLLED FIRES AND HERDED THEM OVER A CLIFF. THEY MADE A FLUTE-LIKE SOUND TO LEER HE MOOSE. THEIR ARTS AND CRAFTS ARE LIKE QUILLING CRAFTS, WOOD CARVING, AND COLORFUL BEADWORK. THEY MADE WAMPUM BEADS AS A CURRENCY BUT THEY WERE A KIND OF CURRENCY. THE DESIGNS TOLD A STORY ON THEIR BELTS. THEIR SPIRITUALITY WAS COMPLEX.
HERE IS A MYTH THAT IS CALLED "COYOTE CREATES THE EARTH". WHEN THERE WAS NO EARTH,ONLY WATER, COYOTE WAS FLOATING ON A SMALL RAFT WHEN HE MET DUCKS. THEY WERE THE ONLY OTHER CREATURES. HE SAID NO ONE ELSE WAS THERE EXCEPT HIS BRTHERS. YOU MUST GET US SOME EARTH TO MAKE THINGS RIGHT. COYOTE SAID TO RED MALLARD - DIVE BENEATH THE WATER TO BRING UP SOME EARTH. WE NEED IT FOR LIVING. HE DOVE DOWN AND REMAINED THERE WITHOUT BRINGING UP ANY EARTH, COYOTE ASKED THE PINTO DUCK TO DO THE SAME THING. HE DOVE UNDER THE WATER AND DID NOT BRING UP EARTH.
GREBE SPOKE UP AND AND SAID YOU SHOULD HAVE ASKED ME TO GO BEFORE YOU. HE TOOK HIS TURN DIVING. AFTER SOME TIME HE CAME UP WITH SOME LITTLE DIRT. COYOTE SAID "TO EVERY UNDERTAKING THERE ARE FOUR TRIAL. YOU HAVE ACHIEVED IT. THEN HE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID I WILL TAKE THIS INTO THE EARTH. YOU WILL LIVE ON THE STREAMS AND BUILD YOUR NESTS. I AM GOING TO BUILD THE EARTH. COYOTE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID PLENTY OF ROOM. AS HE TRAVELED ALONG THE SPREAD AND THE MUD HE MADE THE EARTH. HE TRAAVELED FOR A LONG TIME. WHEN HE FINISHED HE SAID,"NOW WE HAVE THE EARTH, THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WANT TO BE HERE". THEY HEARD WOLF HOWLING ..THERE HE IS. COYOTE POINTED TO THE SUN AND SAID LISTEN, THERE IS ANOTHER ONE OUT THERE NOW. "THAT COYOTE HAS ATTAINED LIFE BY HIS OWN POWERS", COYOTE SAID. THEN THEY WENT FOR A WALK ON THE PLAINS THEY SAW SOME SHINING OBJECTS. THEY SAW THEY WERE MEDICINE STONE.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY WORE FUR AND LEATHER CAPS WITH FEATHERS. THE CHIEFS WORE LONG FEATHER HEADRESSES. BOTH SEXES WORE THEIR HAIR IN LONG BRAIDS AND PAINTED THEIR FACES FOR CEREMONIES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. THEY MADE MOCCASINS.
THEY BUILT BIRCHBARK CANOES THAT THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR. AFTER ANGLOS CAME THEY BUILT THEM WITH CANVAS. IT IS STILL POPULAR TODAY. THEY USE DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS FOR SLEDS FOR WINTER TRAVEL. THEY ALSO MAKE AND WEAR SNOWSHOES.
THEIR FOOD WAS PRIMARILY CARIBOU WHO CAUGHT CARIBOU, ELK, MOOSE, AND SMALL GAME. THE PLAINS CREE HUNTED BUFFALO. THE EASTERN CREE FISHED AND HUNTED SEALS WITH CANOES.
WHEN HUNTING BUFFALO THEY USED CONTROLLED FIRES AND HERDED THEM OVER A CLIFF. THEY MADE A FLUTE-LIKE SOUND TO LEER HE MOOSE. THEIR ARTS AND CRAFTS ARE LIKE QUILLING CRAFTS, WOOD CARVING, AND COLORFUL BEADWORK. THEY MADE WAMPUM BEADS AS A CURRENCY BUT THEY WERE A KIND OF CURRENCY. THE DESIGNS TOLD A STORY ON THEIR BELTS. THEIR SPIRITUALITY WAS COMPLEX.
HERE IS A MYTH THAT IS CALLED "COYOTE CREATES THE EARTH". WHEN THERE WAS NO EARTH,ONLY WATER, COYOTE WAS FLOATING ON A SMALL RAFT WHEN HE MET DUCKS. THEY WERE THE ONLY OTHER CREATURES. HE SAID NO ONE ELSE WAS THERE EXCEPT HIS BRTHERS. YOU MUST GET US SOME EARTH TO MAKE THINGS RIGHT. COYOTE SAID TO RED MALLARD - DIVE BENEATH THE WATER TO BRING UP SOME EARTH. WE NEED IT FOR LIVING. HE DOVE DOWN AND REMAINED THERE WITHOUT BRINGING UP ANY EARTH, COYOTE ASKED THE PINTO DUCK TO DO THE SAME THING. HE DOVE UNDER THE WATER AND DID NOT BRING UP EARTH.
GREBE SPOKE UP AND AND SAID YOU SHOULD HAVE ASKED ME TO GO BEFORE YOU. HE TOOK HIS TURN DIVING. AFTER SOME TIME HE CAME UP WITH SOME LITTLE DIRT. COYOTE SAID "TO EVERY UNDERTAKING THERE ARE FOUR TRIAL. YOU HAVE ACHIEVED IT. THEN HE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID I WILL TAKE THIS INTO THE EARTH. YOU WILL LIVE ON THE STREAMS AND BUILD YOUR NESTS. I AM GOING TO BUILD THE EARTH. COYOTE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID PLENTY OF ROOM. AS HE TRAVELED ALONG THE SPREAD AND THE MUD HE MADE THE EARTH. HE TRAAVELED FOR A LONG TIME. WHEN HE FINISHED HE SAID,"NOW WE HAVE THE EARTH, THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WANT TO BE HERE". THEY HEARD WOLF HOWLING ..THERE HE IS. COYOTE POINTED TO THE SUN AND SAID LISTEN, THERE IS ANOTHER ONE OUT THERE NOW. "THAT COYOTE HAS ATTAINED LIFE BY HIS OWN POWERS", COYOTE SAID. THEN THEY WENT FOR A WALK ON THE PLAINS THEY SAW SOME SHINING OBJECTS. THEY SAW THEY WERE MEDICINE STONE.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
CREE INDIANS IN CANADA
CREE INDIANS SPEAK ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGE AND THERE ARE 45,000 PEOPLE IN SOUTHERN CANADA AND INTO MONTANA. THEY HAVE 5 MAJOR DIALECTS,SOME ARE CLOSE TO THE INNU LANGUAGE. THE CREE UNDERSTAND THE PEOPLE CLOSE TO THEM BUT NOT FURTHER AWAY. THE CREE LANGUAGE HAS THE BEST SURVIVAL CANADIAN LANGUAGES. THEY ARE ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL OF AMERICAN INDIANS. MOST OF THEIR CHILDREN ARE RAISED BILINGUALLY IN CREE AND ENGLISH OR FRENCH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE.
THE CREE ARE THE LARGEST AND NATIVE GROUP IN CANADA WITH 200,000 MEMBERS AND SELF GOVERNED NATIONS. CREE COMES FROM FRENCH NAME FOR TRIBE 'KRISTENAUX AND AN ALGONQUIN WORD MEANING "FIRST PEOPLE". THEY ARE ALSO MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE KNOWN AS METIS OR MIXED BLOOD OF CREE, FRENCH, AND CANADIAN ANCESTRY. THE MANY CREE REGARD THE METIS AS THEIR BRETHREN AND INDEED THEY SPEAK THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. THE ATIKEMENK AND IMMU ARE RELATED CREE BUT CONSIDER THEMSELVES DISTINCT.
CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. THEIR COMMON CULTURE AND LANGUAGE BINDS THEM TOGETHER AS A PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE WEATHERED ANGLO DISEASES WELL AS THEIR NAME NUMBERS AND BROAD RANGE HELPED TO KEEP THE DISEASES FROM SPREADING TOO MUCH. THEY PRACTICED INTERTRIBAL MARRIAGES.
THE ENGLISH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS WHILE LANDS WHILE THE FRENCH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS AND ENGULF THEM. THE FRENCH AND CREE GOT ALONG WELL. THE CREE HAVE THE SAME PROBLEMS AS MOST NATIVE AMERICANS DO - SELF DETERMINATION AND LAND CONTROL. BUT THEY ARE BETTER MAINTAINED TO FACE THEIR PROBLEMS.
TODAY THERE ARE 200,000 CREE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITIES OF CANADA AND THE NORTHERN U.S. ALSO THERE ARE 100,000 METIS IN CANADA. THE PLAINS AND WOODLAND CREE ARE THE SAME. EACH CREE COMMUNITY HAS IT'S OWN RESERVE. INDIAN LANDS ARE CALLED FIRST NATIONS. THEIR POLITICAL LEADER IS CALLED A CHIEF WHO CAN BE EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN. THE CREE SPEAK ENGLISH OR FRENCH AND SOME SPEAK CREE. IT IS A MUSICAL LANGUAGE. THE CHILDREN LEARNED FROM THE PAST BY WATCHING THEIR PARENTS. THEY HAD TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE. THE KIDS HAD MORE CHORES THAN TODAY. THE BOYS PLAYED LA CROSS.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THE CREE ARE THE LARGEST AND NATIVE GROUP IN CANADA WITH 200,000 MEMBERS AND SELF GOVERNED NATIONS. CREE COMES FROM FRENCH NAME FOR TRIBE 'KRISTENAUX AND AN ALGONQUIN WORD MEANING "FIRST PEOPLE". THEY ARE ALSO MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE KNOWN AS METIS OR MIXED BLOOD OF CREE, FRENCH, AND CANADIAN ANCESTRY. THE MANY CREE REGARD THE METIS AS THEIR BRETHREN AND INDEED THEY SPEAK THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. THE ATIKEMENK AND IMMU ARE RELATED CREE BUT CONSIDER THEMSELVES DISTINCT.
CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. THEIR COMMON CULTURE AND LANGUAGE BINDS THEM TOGETHER AS A PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE WEATHERED ANGLO DISEASES WELL AS THEIR NAME NUMBERS AND BROAD RANGE HELPED TO KEEP THE DISEASES FROM SPREADING TOO MUCH. THEY PRACTICED INTERTRIBAL MARRIAGES.
THE ENGLISH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS WHILE LANDS WHILE THE FRENCH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS AND ENGULF THEM. THE FRENCH AND CREE GOT ALONG WELL. THE CREE HAVE THE SAME PROBLEMS AS MOST NATIVE AMERICANS DO - SELF DETERMINATION AND LAND CONTROL. BUT THEY ARE BETTER MAINTAINED TO FACE THEIR PROBLEMS.
TODAY THERE ARE 200,000 CREE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITIES OF CANADA AND THE NORTHERN U.S. ALSO THERE ARE 100,000 METIS IN CANADA. THE PLAINS AND WOODLAND CREE ARE THE SAME. EACH CREE COMMUNITY HAS IT'S OWN RESERVE. INDIAN LANDS ARE CALLED FIRST NATIONS. THEIR POLITICAL LEADER IS CALLED A CHIEF WHO CAN BE EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN. THE CREE SPEAK ENGLISH OR FRENCH AND SOME SPEAK CREE. IT IS A MUSICAL LANGUAGE. THE CHILDREN LEARNED FROM THE PAST BY WATCHING THEIR PARENTS. THEY HAD TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE. THE KIDS HAD MORE CHORES THAN TODAY. THE BOYS PLAYED LA CROSS.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
CHIPEWYAN INDIANS IN CANADA
CHIPEWYAN IS AN ATHABASKAN LANGUAGE OF NORTHERN CANADA, MANY PEOPLE HERE ARE BILINGUAL IN CHIPEWYAN AND CREE. ABOUT 400 NATIVE PEOPLE SPEAK CHIPEWYAN IN CANADA.
THEY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FUR TRADE, THEY HAVE FEW PLACE NAMES OF THE 17 TRIBES LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN. TWELVE COMMEMORATE THE TRIBE BUT APPEAR TO COME INTO USE BECAUSE OF THE CREE.
EIGHT NAMES ARE LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN ONLY BECAUSE THE FORT CHIPEWYAN BAND AROUND LAKE ATHABASCAN HAS 8 SEPARATE BODIES OF RESERVATION LAND. MOST ARE LESS THAN 55 ACRES. TWO NAMES COMMEMORATE A CHIPEWYAN PERSON - PICHE LAKE AND SAINT PICHE RIVER. THESE FEATURES ARE NAMED AFTER A CHIPEWYAN PERSON WHO LIVED AT HEART LAKE RESERVATION. THEY SHOULD HAVE MORE PLACE NAMES THAN THEY DO. WE HAVE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR ORIGIN.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FUR TRADE, THEY HAVE FEW PLACE NAMES OF THE 17 TRIBES LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN. TWELVE COMMEMORATE THE TRIBE BUT APPEAR TO COME INTO USE BECAUSE OF THE CREE.
EIGHT NAMES ARE LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN ONLY BECAUSE THE FORT CHIPEWYAN BAND AROUND LAKE ATHABASCAN HAS 8 SEPARATE BODIES OF RESERVATION LAND. MOST ARE LESS THAN 55 ACRES. TWO NAMES COMMEMORATE A CHIPEWYAN PERSON - PICHE LAKE AND SAINT PICHE RIVER. THESE FEATURES ARE NAMED AFTER A CHIPEWYAN PERSON WHO LIVED AT HEART LAKE RESERVATION. THEY SHOULD HAVE MORE PLACE NAMES THAN THEY DO. WE HAVE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR ORIGIN.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
BEAVER INDIANS IN CANADA - PART 2
THE MOTHER'S BROTHER MIGHT TAKE A STRONG ROLE IN A BOY'S TRAINING WHILE GIRL'S LOOKED TO THEIR GRANDMOTHER'S FOR INSTRUCTION. KINSHIP NETWORKS CONTINUE TO BE IMPOSSIBLE FOR SOCIAL PURPOSES AND ARE SUPPLEMENTAL WITH FORMAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOL.
IN 19TH CENTURY THE MISSION SCHOOLS WERE INTENDED FOR THE CHILDREN OF TRADERS AND ORPHANS, LATER CATHOLICS AND OTHER FOLKS OPERATED RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS0 FOR NATIVE POPULATIONS. MANY KIDS WERE TAKEN LONG DISTANCES FROM THEIR HOMES AND CONFINED FOR YEARS WITHOUT USING TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
UP UNTIL THE 70'S THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED THE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS WHEN THEY WERE CLOSED AND NATIVES ATTENDED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE TERRITORIAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF NA DENE STUDENTS IS BELOW THE NATIONAL NORMS.
THE 'T SET SAUT' IS A SMALL GROUP OF FOLKS ORIGINALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF THE TAHLTAN IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA. SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN NA DENE LANGUAGES HAVE NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE. ENGLISH IS IN SCHOOLS, NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND SOME SECONDARY AND COLLEGE LEVELS. THE ONLY COMMUNITIES WHERE CHILDREN ARE FLUENT ARE THOSE WHERE THE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS STILL SPOKEN OF. THERE IS A SLOW RATE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE LITERACY. MANY MISSIONARIES USED NATIVE LANGUAGES IN THE CHURCH SERVICES.
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES HAS DECLARED THE 5 ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES TO BE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ON AN EQUAL STANDING WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
THE TREND TOWARD THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF ENGLISH HAS NOT BEEN REVERSED. THE DOMINANCE OF ENGLISH AND OPPORTUNITY FOR EMPLOYMENT IS USED TO HAVE ALL CONSPIRED TO WEAKEN THE NATURAL LANGUAGE. THEIR RELIGION IF THE NADENE BEAVER INDIANS RECOGNIZE OR SPIRITS OF NATURAL FORCES, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND FORMS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS. THEIR RELIGIOUS LEADERS INSURED THAT ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF FOOD, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS WOULD BE AVAILABLE. THE SPIRIT OF POWERS WERE WERE DIRECTED TO THE INJURED OR SICK. SOME NA DENE BELIEVED IN REINCARNATION.
TODAY THEY HAVE REVERENCE FOR THE LAND AND NATURAL WORLD EVEN IF THEY DO NOT MAKE OFFERINGS TO THE SPIRITS. NATIVE SPIRITUAL LEADERS SUCH AS SLAVE DOGRIB PRACTICE TRADITIONAL HEALING FORMS. SOME NA DENE ACCEPT CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. IN 1844 A MUSEUM WAS ESTABLISHED FOR THE BEAVER TRIBES. THEY STILL ORGANIZE POTLATCHES AND ARE REGULAR CHURCH GOERS.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
IN 19TH CENTURY THE MISSION SCHOOLS WERE INTENDED FOR THE CHILDREN OF TRADERS AND ORPHANS, LATER CATHOLICS AND OTHER FOLKS OPERATED RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS0 FOR NATIVE POPULATIONS. MANY KIDS WERE TAKEN LONG DISTANCES FROM THEIR HOMES AND CONFINED FOR YEARS WITHOUT USING TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
UP UNTIL THE 70'S THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED THE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS WHEN THEY WERE CLOSED AND NATIVES ATTENDED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE TERRITORIAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF NA DENE STUDENTS IS BELOW THE NATIONAL NORMS.
THE 'T SET SAUT' IS A SMALL GROUP OF FOLKS ORIGINALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF THE TAHLTAN IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA. SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN NA DENE LANGUAGES HAVE NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE. ENGLISH IS IN SCHOOLS, NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND SOME SECONDARY AND COLLEGE LEVELS. THE ONLY COMMUNITIES WHERE CHILDREN ARE FLUENT ARE THOSE WHERE THE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS STILL SPOKEN OF. THERE IS A SLOW RATE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE LITERACY. MANY MISSIONARIES USED NATIVE LANGUAGES IN THE CHURCH SERVICES.
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES HAS DECLARED THE 5 ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES TO BE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ON AN EQUAL STANDING WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
THE TREND TOWARD THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF ENGLISH HAS NOT BEEN REVERSED. THE DOMINANCE OF ENGLISH AND OPPORTUNITY FOR EMPLOYMENT IS USED TO HAVE ALL CONSPIRED TO WEAKEN THE NATURAL LANGUAGE. THEIR RELIGION IF THE NADENE BEAVER INDIANS RECOGNIZE OR SPIRITS OF NATURAL FORCES, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND FORMS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS. THEIR RELIGIOUS LEADERS INSURED THAT ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF FOOD, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS WOULD BE AVAILABLE. THE SPIRIT OF POWERS WERE WERE DIRECTED TO THE INJURED OR SICK. SOME NA DENE BELIEVED IN REINCARNATION.
TODAY THEY HAVE REVERENCE FOR THE LAND AND NATURAL WORLD EVEN IF THEY DO NOT MAKE OFFERINGS TO THE SPIRITS. NATIVE SPIRITUAL LEADERS SUCH AS SLAVE DOGRIB PRACTICE TRADITIONAL HEALING FORMS. SOME NA DENE ACCEPT CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. IN 1844 A MUSEUM WAS ESTABLISHED FOR THE BEAVER TRIBES. THEY STILL ORGANIZE POTLATCHES AND ARE REGULAR CHURCH GOERS.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
Monday, October 24, 2011
BEAVER INDIANS IN CANADA
BEAVER NATION IS KNOWN AS THE DENNE-ZA OR DWELLERS AMONG THE BEAVERS. AS COUSINS TO THE SLAVERY AND CHPEWYAN. THEY ALL SPEAK ATHAPASKAN ROOTED LANGUAGES. THEY ORIGINALLY INHABITED A VAST TERRITORY BETWEEN THE PRESENT DAY BORDER AND PEACE RIVER. THE CREE DROVE THEM WEST AS THEY HAD GUNS FROM THE ANGLOS. THE BEAVER BEGAN TO HUNT GAME THROUGHOUT PEACE RIVER AND THE TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. THEY WERE KNOWN AS EXCEPTIONAL HUNTERS AND PEACEFUL. THEY LIVED IN SMALL FAMILY BANDS OF 1000. BY 1800 THEY WERE REDUCED TO 500 DUE TO DISEASE SUCH AS SMALLPOX, MEASLES, ETC.
THEY FINALLY SIGNED THE TREATY IN 1900. THEIR NEIGHBORS ARE THE ATHAPASKAN SEKANI AND THE CREE. TRADING POSTS WERE ESTABLISHED ALONG THE PEACE RIVER IN 1790'S. MANY ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES CONVERTED SOME BEAVER FOLKS. THEY WERE NOMADIC HUNTERS AND GATHERES. BEAVERS WERE THEIR IMPORTANT GAME AND WERE THEIR FUR TRADE ITEM. WAGE LABOR COMPETES WITH HUNTING AND TRAPPING AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME.
MANY OF THE KIDS DROP OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL OR JUNIOR HIGH BECAUSE OFTHE DIFFICULTY WITH THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
THEY FINALLY SIGNED THE TREATY IN 1900. THEIR NEIGHBORS ARE THE ATHAPASKAN SEKANI AND THE CREE. TRADING POSTS WERE ESTABLISHED ALONG THE PEACE RIVER IN 1790'S. MANY ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES CONVERTED SOME BEAVER FOLKS. THEY WERE NOMADIC HUNTERS AND GATHERES. BEAVERS WERE THEIR IMPORTANT GAME AND WERE THEIR FUR TRADE ITEM. WAGE LABOR COMPETES WITH HUNTING AND TRAPPING AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME.
MANY OF THE KIDS DROP OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL OR JUNIOR HIGH BECAUSE OFTHE DIFFICULTY WITH THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
NASKAPI INDIANS IN CANADA
NASKAPI IS AN ALGONQIAN LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY ABOUT 800 FOLKSIN EASTERN CANADA. THE NESKAPIAND MONTAGNAIS ARE ACTUALLY PART OF SOME INDIAN NATIONS. NASKAPI IS SPOKEN BY INNU COMMUNITIES IN QUEBEC AND LABRADOR. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS 'INTERIOR PEOPLE'. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME INDIAN NATION. THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS INTERIOR PEOPLE. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME TRIBE, THE INNU, THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC TODAY, OF WHOM 800 ARE NASKAPI.
EARLY INNU RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS WERE FRIENDLY. THE INNU TRADED FURS WITH FRENCH AND ALLIED AGAINST THE IROQOUIS CONDERACY. THE EUROPEANS DEFEATED THE FRENCH, INNU, AND ALGONQUIAN AND BETWEEN WAR AND DISEASES THEY WERE DECIMATED. THE SURVIVORS SETTLED IN VILLAGES BY WELL INTENDED EUROPEANS. TODAYTHE INUIT AND THEIR NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE TO REGAIN CONTROL OF LAND.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
NASKAPI MEANS 'INTERIOR PEOPLE'. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME INDIAN NATION. THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS INTERIOR PEOPLE. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME TRIBE, THE INNU, THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC TODAY, OF WHOM 800 ARE NASKAPI.
EARLY INNU RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS WERE FRIENDLY. THE INNU TRADED FURS WITH FRENCH AND ALLIED AGAINST THE IROQOUIS CONDERACY. THE EUROPEANS DEFEATED THE FRENCH, INNU, AND ALGONQUIAN AND BETWEEN WAR AND DISEASES THEY WERE DECIMATED. THE SURVIVORS SETTLED IN VILLAGES BY WELL INTENDED EUROPEANS. TODAYTHE INUIT AND THEIR NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE TO REGAIN CONTROL OF LAND.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
HURON/ WYONDAT TRIBE
WYONDATS MEANS PENNISULA PEOPLE. SOME PEOPLE IN OKLAHOMA USE THE SPELLING WYANDOTTS. HURON WAS THE FRENCH NAME FOR WYONDAT, AND IT MEANS 'WILD BOAR'. THEIR LANGUAGE IS RELATED TO THE IROQUOIS. THEY WERE ENEMIES THOUGH. THEY ARE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS ORIGINAL RESIDENTS OF SAINT LAWRENCE VALLEY IN QUEBEC. MANY FLED TO OHIO AND MICHIGAN. OTHERS FLED TO OKLAHOMA TO KANSAS DURING INDIAN REMOVAL OF THE 1800'S.
THEY HAVE TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. ONE IN KANSAS AND ONE IN OKLAHOMA.EACH TRIBE HAS LAND THAT IS MOSTLY FOLKS WHO SPEAK ENGLISH. IN CANADA THE HURONS SPEAK FRENCH. THE LAST FLUENT HURON WYANDOT SPEAKER DIED IN THE 1960'S. SOME ELDERS REMEMBER THEIR LANGUAGE.
THE KIDS GO TO SCHOOL AND HELP THEIR PARENTS AND THEY HELPED IN HUNTING AND FISHING. IN THE PAST THEY HAD MORE CHORES. THE TEENS PLAYED LA CROSS. THE MOTHER'S MADE CRADLEBOARDS AND CARRIED THE BABIES ON THEIR BACKS TO HAVE THEIR HANDS FREE. THE MEN HUNTED, WERE WARRIORS, AND DIPLOMATS. THE WOMEN WERE IN CHARGE OF FARMING, PROPERTY, AND THE FAMILY. THE MEN AND WOMEN HAD EQUAL DIVISIONS OF POWER. MEN MADE POLITICAL DECISIONS, FOR THE CLANS. TODAY WOMEN CAN BE COUNCIL MEMBERS ALSO .
THE HOMES THEY MADE FROM WOOD POLES COVERED WITH SHEETS OF BARK. EACH HOUSE WAS 150 FEET LONG. UP TO 60 PEOPLE LIVE IN A CLAN AND COULD LIVE IN LARGER HOUSES. THE VILLAGES WERE PALLISADED FOR PROTECTION. TODAY LONGHOUSES ARE BUILT FOR CEREMONIAL PURPOSES ONLY.
IN THE PAST THEY WORE DEERSKIN LEGGINGS AND BREECHCLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE DEERSKIN DRESSES AND WRAPPED AROUND SKIRTS. WITH MOCCASINS. THEY DIDN'T WEAR LONG HEADDRESSES. THE WOMEN AND MEN USUALLY WORE THEIR HAIR LONG. SOME MEN SHAVED THEIR HAIR IN MOHAWK STYLE. MEN PAINTED THEIR FACES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. WOMEN DID NOT.
THEY USED TO MAKE BIRCH BARK CANOES TO TRAVEL IN. OVER LAND IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THEY USED DOGS AND PACK ANIMALS. THEY WERE FARMING PEOPLE. THE WOMEN HARVESTED CORN, BEANS, SQUASH, AND SUNFLOWERS. THE MEN HUNTED DEER, TURKEYS, SMALL GAME, AND FISHED.
THEIR ARRT INCLUDED POTTERY, WEAVING, BEADWORK, AND MAKING WAMPUM BELTS. THEY CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES HERE. ALMOST ALL THE EASTERN ALGONQUIAN TRIBES USED THEM AS TRADING MIDDLEMEN. THEY FOUGHT WITH THE POWERFUL IROQOUIS CONFEDERACY AND SENECA. STORY TELLING IS STILL VERY IMPORTANT TO THEIR CULTURE. THEIR SPIRITUALITY IS VERY COMPLEX. DURING THE 16TH CENTURY THERE WERE 16,000 FOLKS. HOWEVER, BY 2009 THERE WERE ONLY 3000 REGISTERED HURON IN CANADA.
BIG-ORRIN.ORG
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY HAVE TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. ONE IN KANSAS AND ONE IN OKLAHOMA.EACH TRIBE HAS LAND THAT IS MOSTLY FOLKS WHO SPEAK ENGLISH. IN CANADA THE HURONS SPEAK FRENCH. THE LAST FLUENT HURON WYANDOT SPEAKER DIED IN THE 1960'S. SOME ELDERS REMEMBER THEIR LANGUAGE.
THE KIDS GO TO SCHOOL AND HELP THEIR PARENTS AND THEY HELPED IN HUNTING AND FISHING. IN THE PAST THEY HAD MORE CHORES. THE TEENS PLAYED LA CROSS. THE MOTHER'S MADE CRADLEBOARDS AND CARRIED THE BABIES ON THEIR BACKS TO HAVE THEIR HANDS FREE. THE MEN HUNTED, WERE WARRIORS, AND DIPLOMATS. THE WOMEN WERE IN CHARGE OF FARMING, PROPERTY, AND THE FAMILY. THE MEN AND WOMEN HAD EQUAL DIVISIONS OF POWER. MEN MADE POLITICAL DECISIONS, FOR THE CLANS. TODAY WOMEN CAN BE COUNCIL MEMBERS ALSO .
THE HOMES THEY MADE FROM WOOD POLES COVERED WITH SHEETS OF BARK. EACH HOUSE WAS 150 FEET LONG. UP TO 60 PEOPLE LIVE IN A CLAN AND COULD LIVE IN LARGER HOUSES. THE VILLAGES WERE PALLISADED FOR PROTECTION. TODAY LONGHOUSES ARE BUILT FOR CEREMONIAL PURPOSES ONLY.
IN THE PAST THEY WORE DEERSKIN LEGGINGS AND BREECHCLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE DEERSKIN DRESSES AND WRAPPED AROUND SKIRTS. WITH MOCCASINS. THEY DIDN'T WEAR LONG HEADDRESSES. THE WOMEN AND MEN USUALLY WORE THEIR HAIR LONG. SOME MEN SHAVED THEIR HAIR IN MOHAWK STYLE. MEN PAINTED THEIR FACES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. WOMEN DID NOT.
THEY USED TO MAKE BIRCH BARK CANOES TO TRAVEL IN. OVER LAND IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THEY USED DOGS AND PACK ANIMALS. THEY WERE FARMING PEOPLE. THE WOMEN HARVESTED CORN, BEANS, SQUASH, AND SUNFLOWERS. THE MEN HUNTED DEER, TURKEYS, SMALL GAME, AND FISHED.
THEIR ARRT INCLUDED POTTERY, WEAVING, BEADWORK, AND MAKING WAMPUM BELTS. THEY CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES HERE. ALMOST ALL THE EASTERN ALGONQUIAN TRIBES USED THEM AS TRADING MIDDLEMEN. THEY FOUGHT WITH THE POWERFUL IROQOUIS CONFEDERACY AND SENECA. STORY TELLING IS STILL VERY IMPORTANT TO THEIR CULTURE. THEIR SPIRITUALITY IS VERY COMPLEX. DURING THE 16TH CENTURY THERE WERE 16,000 FOLKS. HOWEVER, BY 2009 THERE WERE ONLY 3000 REGISTERED HURON IN CANADA.
BIG-ORRIN.ORG
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
Attikameku in Quebec
The Attikameku speak algonquian language that is similar to Cree. Their name means "white fish". Their language is similar to Cree. The tribe has 4000 to 5000 folks who speak this language. French is their second language of choice. They have three communities in Quebec.. The Attikameku are an allies with the Innu and adversaries of the Inuit. There are 5,000 folks on reservations today. They had little direct conflict with Europeans. They had little direct conflict with Europeans, and no conflict with them. From their allies the Innu they caught several diseases - smallpox and syphilis. The fur trade brought the Montagnais and French with Attikameku - in a war between the Innu and Iroquois. However, the Attikameku are affected from mercury poisoning from hydroelectric plants and contamination of the water supply. They are on their ancient land. They still practice their traditional culture and are on their ancient land.
They have many legends, myths, and mythological figures. One is Wisakejek who is a good cultural hero of the Attikameku and Cree tribes. It is pronounced wee zuh kay jock. Tickabis is a trickster figure, who has magic powers to protect him from harm.
Witiko is an evil man eating spirit folk like the better known Windigo. He is a monster and a boggyman.
Once Tickabis wanted to visit the sky. His sister said he should not, but he had his mind set on it. He climbed the highest tree. But once up there he saw sky above him. So he used his medicine and blew on a tree until it was twice as tall. He climbed to the top of it and still saw sky. Finally he used his medicine a fourth time and at the tree it was so tall he stepped off onto a road leading across the sky.
He was tired from all of this so he laid down to sleep. A loud noise woke him up. It sounded like something big was coming. All he could see was a big light getting brighter. It was the sun. "Get out of my way", said the sun. No you go around me said the Tickabis If I go around you, I'll set the tree on fire.. Tickabis just laughed. He said I don't intend to get up. So sun stepped over him. His clothes caught on fire and if it wasn't for his medicine. he would have been burned to death. He was naked, angry, and wanted revenge.
When he went home to his siter she asked what happened. The sun burned me, as i was minding my own business, He forgot about being a troublemaker. He said I'm going to get revenge on the sun. His sister said no, you'll cause more trouble. He didn't listen to her and he worked on making magic net, big enough to catch the sun. He went up the tree again and set a trap on the sun's path. When the sun came there, he was caught in the net and darkness covered the entire world.
Tickibis was happy, but his sister said nothing good will come of this. The darkness lasted aqnd lasted . People started to starve. No plants would grow and there was no light to hunt by. Everyone bothered him to let the sun go and he finally agreed. He brought several animals up the tree but they were all too big and they got burned. Finally he brought a little mouse which knawed through the rope and the sun escaped!
Native-languages.org
They have many legends, myths, and mythological figures. One is Wisakejek who is a good cultural hero of the Attikameku and Cree tribes. It is pronounced wee zuh kay jock. Tickabis is a trickster figure, who has magic powers to protect him from harm.
Witiko is an evil man eating spirit folk like the better known Windigo. He is a monster and a boggyman.
Once Tickabis wanted to visit the sky. His sister said he should not, but he had his mind set on it. He climbed the highest tree. But once up there he saw sky above him. So he used his medicine and blew on a tree until it was twice as tall. He climbed to the top of it and still saw sky. Finally he used his medicine a fourth time and at the tree it was so tall he stepped off onto a road leading across the sky.
He was tired from all of this so he laid down to sleep. A loud noise woke him up. It sounded like something big was coming. All he could see was a big light getting brighter. It was the sun. "Get out of my way", said the sun. No you go around me said the Tickabis If I go around you, I'll set the tree on fire.. Tickabis just laughed. He said I don't intend to get up. So sun stepped over him. His clothes caught on fire and if it wasn't for his medicine. he would have been burned to death. He was naked, angry, and wanted revenge.
When he went home to his siter she asked what happened. The sun burned me, as i was minding my own business, He forgot about being a troublemaker. He said I'm going to get revenge on the sun. His sister said no, you'll cause more trouble. He didn't listen to her and he worked on making magic net, big enough to catch the sun. He went up the tree again and set a trap on the sun's path. When the sun came there, he was caught in the net and darkness covered the entire world.
Tickibis was happy, but his sister said nothing good will come of this. The darkness lasted aqnd lasted . People started to starve. No plants would grow and there was no light to hunt by. Everyone bothered him to let the sun go and he finally agreed. He brought several animals up the tree but they were all too big and they got burned. Finally he brought a little mouse which knawed through the rope and the sun escaped!
Native-languages.org
Friday, October 21, 2011
A Concert at the Santa Rosa Junior College
Last night I watched and listened to a concert from teenagers. One Symphonic Band was directed by a conductor from Mario Carillo High School. This band has flutes, oboes, violins, clarinets, trumpet, horns, trombones, picola, saxaphones and percussion. I had heard at another concert before. This one had a theme 'Music for a Rainy Day'. One boy looked like my son whoknows how to play the trombone.
It was great to hear them again. They had about 46 members.
The SRJC symphonic Band has about 44 members who play flute, oboe, clarinet, piano, basson, trumpet, horns, tuba, euphonium,percussion, and various saxaphones. one of their tunes was in honor of the tragedy that occurred on 9/11/2001. another one was a vibrant cloudbursy song. Finally both bands combined and played a familiar tune "Ave Maria" and a sea song.
It was great to hear them again. They had about 46 members.
The SRJC symphonic Band has about 44 members who play flute, oboe, clarinet, piano, basson, trumpet, horns, tuba, euphonium,percussion, and various saxaphones. one of their tunes was in honor of the tragedy that occurred on 9/11/2001. another one was a vibrant cloudbursy song. Finally both bands combined and played a familiar tune "Ave Maria" and a sea song.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Abenaki Indians in Canada
Abenaki- Penobscat speak Algonkian. It was once spoken by two related tribes. Today only a few speak the western Abenaki language. The last fluent speaker has about died. Some elders are working to revive it's use.This is a complex language. This tribe with the Maliseets , Passamaquoddys and the Micmaqs were members of the of old Wabanaki Confederacy. These allies spoke related related languages and Abnaki have the same Algonquin root. Today there are 12,000 Abnaki in New England, and Quebec, and 3000 in Maine.
Today 2000 Abenaki and Wabanaki live on two reserves in Quebec. They have 2000 people , and 10,000 Abenaki descendants are descendants are throughout New England. There are three bands of Abenaki in the U.S.
During the 1500's about 75% Native Americans in New England died of Anglo diseases. After these tragedies the survivors merged together. They retreated to Canada and never received federal recognition. They were originally from New England. They settled on the Odanak and Wolinak River after 1600's.
The Abenaki warrior was required to protect his family clan and band. The bulk of heavy work was done by the the women who foods, kept the household running and raised the children. Their farmed the corn, beans, squash. The men hunted, fished, cleared trees and built wigwams. They made birchbark canoes. They built towers. The warriors traveled long distances without resting, but ate ground cornmeal with strips of dried smoked meat. They gave the French meat and trapped and exchanged goods with them.
Special ceremonies would be likely for a marriage, a death, a planting, the Harvest, warfare, and trading. They kept their ceremonies with certain prayers for the gatherings - the Creator, Mother Earth, Father Sky, and the Four Directions and all our relations to bless the gatherings. They sing songs and dance various dances.
They lived a spherical lodge about 8 to 14" in diameter for healing and sweats. They built their lodges with poles covered with bark and buffalo hides. They also built a long house lodge to accommodate men on the eastern end and women on the western end. They had a division of labor based on a philosophy. The men hunted and fished. The women picked berries and nuts, gathered lily roots, wild rice, onions and garlic, mushrooms, nut, wild cabbage, and herbs. medicinal plants were yarrow, burdock, foxglove, catnip, and licorice.
They planted corn using a method called companion farming. The 3 sisters were planted on a big mound. All were harvested at the same time and were dried for winter. They also grew snow peas., cucumbers, and gourds.
The Indians had trout, turkey, salmon, clam chowder, cornbread, and turtle soups.
Native-languages.org
Today 2000 Abenaki and Wabanaki live on two reserves in Quebec. They have 2000 people , and 10,000 Abenaki descendants are descendants are throughout New England. There are three bands of Abenaki in the U.S.
During the 1500's about 75% Native Americans in New England died of Anglo diseases. After these tragedies the survivors merged together. They retreated to Canada and never received federal recognition. They were originally from New England. They settled on the Odanak and Wolinak River after 1600's.
The Abenaki warrior was required to protect his family clan and band. The bulk of heavy work was done by the the women who foods, kept the household running and raised the children. Their farmed the corn, beans, squash. The men hunted, fished, cleared trees and built wigwams. They made birchbark canoes. They built towers. The warriors traveled long distances without resting, but ate ground cornmeal with strips of dried smoked meat. They gave the French meat and trapped and exchanged goods with them.
Special ceremonies would be likely for a marriage, a death, a planting, the Harvest, warfare, and trading. They kept their ceremonies with certain prayers for the gatherings - the Creator, Mother Earth, Father Sky, and the Four Directions and all our relations to bless the gatherings. They sing songs and dance various dances.
They lived a spherical lodge about 8 to 14" in diameter for healing and sweats. They built their lodges with poles covered with bark and buffalo hides. They also built a long house lodge to accommodate men on the eastern end and women on the western end. They had a division of labor based on a philosophy. The men hunted and fished. The women picked berries and nuts, gathered lily roots, wild rice, onions and garlic, mushrooms, nut, wild cabbage, and herbs. medicinal plants were yarrow, burdock, foxglove, catnip, and licorice.
They planted corn using a method called companion farming. The 3 sisters were planted on a big mound. All were harvested at the same time and were dried for winter. They also grew snow peas., cucumbers, and gourds.
The Indians had trout, turkey, salmon, clam chowder, cornbread, and turtle soups.
Native-languages.org
Algonquians in Ontario
These folks call themselves "The People". Their language is related to Abenakis, Ojibway, the Pequot and others. The Algonkian language is the widest First Nation Language in the Americas. They were forced to settle in the Outaouais region: the Algonquins lived a nomadic life through fishing and hunting in nature. Before the anglos came here, they had a large system of trade between Algonquians and other nations. They had a large system of trade between Algonquins and other products for exchange for tabacco, corn, beans, and squash with the Iroquois. They traded with the Huron, and exchanged pelts, game for corn. and fishing nets. After the anglos came here they traded tools, utensils, and clothes.
During the 19th century, forest operations, reduced their hunting grounds with the Ottawa and Gationeau Rivers. This trend resulted in confiscation of what was left of their their trap lines. Many villages moved north.
The Algonquins became prosperous with acquiring fire arms and iron traps. Hunting was easierand fur trade brought them money. Their lifestyle changed. Their lifestyle changed. They wore fabric clothing vs pelts and fabric tents. They became dependant on trade with anglos.
Today 4500 of 7800 Algonquians live in nine communities in 9 communities in Ouitaouais and Abitibi regions. They Have health, education, social service and small businesses are operating in the construction, forestry, transport sectors among others. The band administers police under an agreement.
In 1980 their their council was founded to protect their interests. The Algonkian Association provides financial support and advice to the Algonquins for businesses.
Indianmarketing.com
During the 19th century, forest operations, reduced their hunting grounds with the Ottawa and Gationeau Rivers. This trend resulted in confiscation of what was left of their their trap lines. Many villages moved north.
The Algonquins became prosperous with acquiring fire arms and iron traps. Hunting was easierand fur trade brought them money. Their lifestyle changed. Their lifestyle changed. They wore fabric clothing vs pelts and fabric tents. They became dependant on trade with anglos.
Today 4500 of 7800 Algonquians live in nine communities in 9 communities in Ouitaouais and Abitibi regions. They Have health, education, social service and small businesses are operating in the construction, forestry, transport sectors among others. The band administers police under an agreement.
In 1980 their their council was founded to protect their interests. The Algonkian Association provides financial support and advice to the Algonquins for businesses.
Indianmarketing.com
Sonoma County Museum Lecture on a Coastal Bike Trip
Last week I went to a lecture and exhibit of old and new bicycles. Evelyn Gibb wrote a short book about her father's unusual bike trip in 1909 from Santa Rosa to the Yukon. He brought a good friend who he knew from grade school. They had little money but both were determined to make this trip work. It was after the 1906 earthquake and many schools had to close to undertake repair. Children helped their families rebuild communities. Evelyn was given information about this trip when she and her father had a couple of hours for several year when he was 87. There were no TVs. The first world's fair was in Seattle in 1909.
The boys had helped out in the hops fields here and got money to buy saddle bags for their old style bikes, headlamps, and cycloniper. They were 19 years old and encountered all types of problems - sickness, flat tubes, roads turned into dirt trails, no clear maps, they got hurt, had girl problems, rain, had to carry bikes in some places. They used railroad maps and tunnels which were dangerous. they would stop every so often to do jobs in hop fields to get some food and money. Whenever farmers saw them they invited them in for a meal. They had no tents, only a blanket and tarp. They carried a bilican or budda of clay which illustrated
'three things that ought to be'. They met the Igorot tribe from the Philippines in Washington state. In Oregon Greek immigrants invited them to dinner.
It took them 54 days to travel about 1000 miles. Oregon State University has published the book which was adapted into a stage play. It was an award wining book and she also wrote some stories in Chicken Soup for the Soul. In 2009 12 people reenacted this trip.
The Museum had an interesting exhibit about many varieties of historic bikes and described their component and how old they were. Charlie Cunningham wrote" I've seen mountain bike rides transform people not just their bodies, but their way of thinking-their spirit".
The boys had helped out in the hops fields here and got money to buy saddle bags for their old style bikes, headlamps, and cycloniper. They were 19 years old and encountered all types of problems - sickness, flat tubes, roads turned into dirt trails, no clear maps, they got hurt, had girl problems, rain, had to carry bikes in some places. They used railroad maps and tunnels which were dangerous. they would stop every so often to do jobs in hop fields to get some food and money. Whenever farmers saw them they invited them in for a meal. They had no tents, only a blanket and tarp. They carried a bilican or budda of clay which illustrated
'three things that ought to be'. They met the Igorot tribe from the Philippines in Washington state. In Oregon Greek immigrants invited them to dinner.
It took them 54 days to travel about 1000 miles. Oregon State University has published the book which was adapted into a stage play. It was an award wining book and she also wrote some stories in Chicken Soup for the Soul. In 2009 12 people reenacted this trip.
The Museum had an interesting exhibit about many varieties of historic bikes and described their component and how old they were. Charlie Cunningham wrote" I've seen mountain bike rides transform people not just their bodies, but their way of thinking-their spirit".
Homeshow Weekend of October 17
This weekend I went to a homeshow and discovered an artist' exhibition. They had all kinds of paintings, photography and various sculptures, and quilts. One indoor hall had various companies represented in kiosks. One lady demonstrated a new group of cookware. She gave us a free salad and good information pertaining to the use of teflon cookware. She said to throw it out as well as any iron skillets since they leave poisonous residuals. The cookware that she used did not require water or oil and cooks very fast and it outlasts any other cookware. She developed good rapport with the audience by asking them questions and opinions. She passed around the meat, potatoes,yams, broccoli and carrots that cooked for less than 1/2 hour. They were great without fat.
There were people speaking about air quality in your house, how to seal under your house so mold isn't a problem. Solar heating, wall insulation, solar light vents, kitchen remodels, jewelry, pet supplies, a nonprofit for helping African children, and various food vendors. I also met people from a restore outlet store where you can donate used materials or get recycled home improvement materials.It wasn't that crowded as people were watching a ball game that day. They also had some motor homes that I didn't have time to look at.
For the last three years there have been train shows here. One man sold Thomas the Tank trains which are getting more expensive. They had two main halls which were filled with children's toys, trains, and a clown. And the large main hall was filled with about eight model train exhibits! These were new to me. There even was a computerized miniature train with 10 cars that was operated by a small phone computer! the people here were both young and old. one exhibitor sold drawings of trains. Most just exhibited various landscapes. One model railroad had an outdoor theatre which apparently worked at one time. Most others just exhibited various landscapes and sold tracks, cars, and plants.
There were people speaking about air quality in your house, how to seal under your house so mold isn't a problem. Solar heating, wall insulation, solar light vents, kitchen remodels, jewelry, pet supplies, a nonprofit for helping African children, and various food vendors. I also met people from a restore outlet store where you can donate used materials or get recycled home improvement materials.It wasn't that crowded as people were watching a ball game that day. They also had some motor homes that I didn't have time to look at.
For the last three years there have been train shows here. One man sold Thomas the Tank trains which are getting more expensive. They had two main halls which were filled with children's toys, trains, and a clown. And the large main hall was filled with about eight model train exhibits! These were new to me. There even was a computerized miniature train with 10 cars that was operated by a small phone computer! the people here were both young and old. one exhibitor sold drawings of trains. Most just exhibited various landscapes. One model railroad had an outdoor theatre which apparently worked at one time. Most others just exhibited various landscapes and sold tracks, cars, and plants.
Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Ojibway Indians in Canada
The Ojibway were anglicized as Chippewa or Ojibway. They spoke Anishinabe, an Algonquian language. This language is spoken by 50,000 people in the northern US and southern Canada. Ojibway is the healthiest of the native languages, with many children raised to speak it as a native language.
The people are widely distributed in northern central us and in southern Canada. Ojibwe means puckering such a the moccasin style. The Saulteneaux and Mississauga are subtribes of the Ojibway. Today there are 20,000 Ojibway Indians in their traditional territories. There are members of an alliance including the Potawatami tribe. This alliance was powerful and clashed with the Iroquois Confederacy and Sioux. They conquered both of the above. Many of their lands were appropriated by the Americans and Canadians. Today nearly all Ojibwe reservations are in their original lands.
Native-languages.org
The people are widely distributed in northern central us and in southern Canada. Ojibwe means puckering such a the moccasin style. The Saulteneaux and Mississauga are subtribes of the Ojibway. Today there are 20,000 Ojibway Indians in their traditional territories. There are members of an alliance including the Potawatami tribe. This alliance was powerful and clashed with the Iroquois Confederacy and Sioux. They conquered both of the above. Many of their lands were appropriated by the Americans and Canadians. Today nearly all Ojibwe reservations are in their original lands.
Native-languages.org
Cree Indians in Manitoba
The Cree are Algonquian language spoken by more than 45,000 people in Canada and Montana. They have major dialects. Some Cree consider them distinct dialects. The most divergent is eastern Cree. They are a close relative to Innu language and Naskapi. The3y can understnd their neighbors even though they have different dialects. The Cree dialects use shapes to represent consonants and rotate them in four directions to represent vowels.
The Cree are the largest native group in Canada, with 200,00 members. Cree comes from the French name for tribe or "Kristenaux". This word means Christian. The Cree call themselves Ayisiniwok meaning True Men. There are more than 100,000 people known as metis or mixed blood Cree and French.
Their history is so hard to synopsize because it spans a large territory from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Ocean. Their culture and language keep them together as a people. The Cree in Canada did not have a shared history with the anglos in Quebec and CANADA. Because they didn't share much with the anglos the Cree ddn't get much of teh European diseases. As they were a large tribe they had an affinity for intertribal marriage, as their oral history described earlier. The English tended to move indian groups further away from their villages. The French tried to engulf them. The result was metis - a race of mixed French -Cree folks. They lived happy together. Since Canada became a nation the Cree faced the same problem of self determination and land contributions that every aboriginal group has, but they are better equipped to face them. The Cree language is one of the few languages surviving into this century.
native-languages.org
The Cree are the largest native group in Canada, with 200,00 members. Cree comes from the French name for tribe or "Kristenaux". This word means Christian. The Cree call themselves Ayisiniwok meaning True Men. There are more than 100,000 people known as metis or mixed blood Cree and French.
Their history is so hard to synopsize because it spans a large territory from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Ocean. Their culture and language keep them together as a people. The Cree in Canada did not have a shared history with the anglos in Quebec and CANADA. Because they didn't share much with the anglos the Cree ddn't get much of teh European diseases. As they were a large tribe they had an affinity for intertribal marriage, as their oral history described earlier. The English tended to move indian groups further away from their villages. The French tried to engulf them. The result was metis - a race of mixed French -Cree folks. They lived happy together. Since Canada became a nation the Cree faced the same problem of self determination and land contributions that every aboriginal group has, but they are better equipped to face them. The Cree language is one of the few languages surviving into this century.
native-languages.org
Assiniboine Indians in Canada
The Assiniboine are speakers of a Siouan language of the Plains. So despite it's similarity to Stony language they can't understand each other. They have about 200 people in Montana and Saskatchewan. Their name is received from an Ojibwa word. for their practice of boiling food by dropping heated rocks into water. Prior to 1640 they split off from the Sioux prior to 1640. From a homeland around the Mississippi river they moved north to the Lake of the Woods to Winnepeg. At the peak of their territory they ranged around Saskatchewan in Canada.
They were first contacted by settlers called Henry Kelsey in the 1690's who hunted the buffalo. Kelsey met Assiniboine trading parties from the trading parties from the James Bay Post west along the canoe route into present day Saskatchewan. They ensured that the fur pelts went to the Hudson Bay company in trade for metal utensils, fires, arms, beads and cloth, tobacco and liquor.
In 1730's other traders confirmed the location of the Assiniboine throughout the western plains their cultural perspective was recorded by the early settlers. Their trails became major trade routes. The anglos valued them for their ability to trap fur bearing animals. Their traditional campsites became centers for the distribution of trading posts on the network of rivers from the Rocky Mountain to the Hudson Bay.
By late 17th century they were noted for pemmican production. They traded European goods to distant Plains groups. After 1730's when they got horses the Assiniboine also had access to guns and metal trade goods and enhanced their role in the fur trade economy. They were allied with the Cree in the 1800's.
They were intermittently in conflict with the Blackfeet, Gros Ventura, and their Sioux relatives. They suffered from European diseases and smallpox. They had a population of over 10,000 in the late 18th century. Their numbers declined catastrophically to 2100 by 1890. By the 1920's they began to increase because of improved health.
Their culture exhibited most of the Plains native traits. Their expertise was in constructing buffalo pounds. They made a greater use of dogs to load their tipis, hides, and personal possessions as they followed the buffalo, deer, elk, moose, and small tanned hides.
Their most sacred ceremony was the sun dance. It was held in early summer after the spring buffalo hunts. They also hunted the other furry animals. The men and women honored the Great Spirit through sacred ceremonies - praying, singing, drumming, dancing, fasting, and they had a feast. Young men would goon a vision quest to sacred grounds. in order to observe their guardian spirits and sacred songs.
On special occasions they had leaders who were chosen for a war chief to lead a battle , or a hunting chief for buffalo hunts. People of wisdom or talent were heard at council to reach consensus on on issues. Today these nations are of aboriginal self government through elected Band Councils., but within the constraints of an Indian Act.. The Constitution of 1982 makes decisions. The Assiniboine reserve is located near Regina and covers 41,000 acres. Their population in 1996 numbered about 981.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
They were first contacted by settlers called Henry Kelsey in the 1690's who hunted the buffalo. Kelsey met Assiniboine trading parties from the trading parties from the James Bay Post west along the canoe route into present day Saskatchewan. They ensured that the fur pelts went to the Hudson Bay company in trade for metal utensils, fires, arms, beads and cloth, tobacco and liquor.
In 1730's other traders confirmed the location of the Assiniboine throughout the western plains their cultural perspective was recorded by the early settlers. Their trails became major trade routes. The anglos valued them for their ability to trap fur bearing animals. Their traditional campsites became centers for the distribution of trading posts on the network of rivers from the Rocky Mountain to the Hudson Bay.
By late 17th century they were noted for pemmican production. They traded European goods to distant Plains groups. After 1730's when they got horses the Assiniboine also had access to guns and metal trade goods and enhanced their role in the fur trade economy. They were allied with the Cree in the 1800's.
They were intermittently in conflict with the Blackfeet, Gros Ventura, and their Sioux relatives. They suffered from European diseases and smallpox. They had a population of over 10,000 in the late 18th century. Their numbers declined catastrophically to 2100 by 1890. By the 1920's they began to increase because of improved health.
Their culture exhibited most of the Plains native traits. Their expertise was in constructing buffalo pounds. They made a greater use of dogs to load their tipis, hides, and personal possessions as they followed the buffalo, deer, elk, moose, and small tanned hides.
Their most sacred ceremony was the sun dance. It was held in early summer after the spring buffalo hunts. They also hunted the other furry animals. The men and women honored the Great Spirit through sacred ceremonies - praying, singing, drumming, dancing, fasting, and they had a feast. Young men would goon a vision quest to sacred grounds. in order to observe their guardian spirits and sacred songs.
On special occasions they had leaders who were chosen for a war chief to lead a battle , or a hunting chief for buffalo hunts. People of wisdom or talent were heard at council to reach consensus on on issues. Today these nations are of aboriginal self government through elected Band Councils., but within the constraints of an Indian Act.. The Constitution of 1982 makes decisions. The Assiniboine reserve is located near Regina and covers 41,000 acres. Their population in 1996 numbered about 981.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
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