WHEN I WAS AN ARCHAEOLOGIST WITH THE BLM I WENT INTO THE DESERT TO SURVEY LANDS. IT WAS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO FIND THE RIGHT ROAD AND TERRITORY TO SURVEY BECAUSE OF THE GENERAL FLATNESS OF THE DESERT. IN ANY CASE I USUALLY AT THAT TIME A REMOTE RADIO TO CALL THE OFFICE IF I GOT LOST OR THE CAR BRIKE DOWN. I REMEMBER ONE UNIQUE TIME WHEN I HAD TO MEET A COWBOY WHO SADDLED A HORSE FOR ME. WE BOTH RODE OUR HORSES ON A HOT SUMMER DAY AQND I HAD ABOUT 10 MILES TO SURVEY - A LINEAR LINE THAT WAS FLAGGED IN REMOTE TERRITORY. THE COWBOY RODE HIS HORSE WITH ME AS I VIEWED THE GROUND FOR PREHISTORIC AND HISTORIC SITES. I COULD ACTUALLY VIEW SEVERAL SMALL KNAPPING AREAS WHERE THE NATIVES LEFT OBSIDIAN REMAINS.
INTERESTING ENOUGH AT ONE POINT MY HORSE GOT A CHOLLA IN HIS TAIL AND LEG AND HE REARED UP WITH A WHELP. I THOUGHT I WAS DEAD AS WE WERE NEAR A CHASM. BUT LUCKILY THE COWBOY WAS ABLE TO CALM HIM DOWN AND GET THE CHOLLA OFF HIS LEG.
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
TA'AN KWACH'AN IN CANADA
COUNCIL IS ONE OF THE YUKON'S FIRST NATIONS WHO POSSESSES PROFESSIONAL PROOF OF THEIR LONG STANDING LAND CLAIM GOVERNMENT. THEIR NAME TA'AN KWACHAN TAKE THEIR NAME FROM TAA'AN MAN IN THE HEART OF THEIR TRADITIONAL TERRITORY. THEIR ANCESTRAL LANDS TENDED NORTH TO HOOLATINQUA AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE YUKON AND TESLIN RIVER, SOUTH TO MARSH LAKE, WEST TO WHITE BANK VILLAGE AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE TAKHINI AND LITTLE RIVERS AND EAST TO THE TESLIN RIVER.
IN 1900 DURING THE GOLD RUSH THEIR CHIEF RECOGNIZED THAQT HIS PEOPLE NEEDED PROTECTION FOR THEIR LAND AND HUNTING GROUNDS IN THE WAKE OF A GROWING NON ABORIGINAL POPULATION. CHIEF BOSS PETITIONED THE COMMISSIONER OF YUKON FOR FOR 1600 ACRES RESERVED AT TAA'AN MAN WHICH WAS SURVEYED. THEY ONLY GOT 320 ACRES. CHIEF BOSS REMAINED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AND OUTSPOKEN LEADERS OF YUKON INDIAN LEADERS OF THE YUKON INDIANDS. IN 1956 THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS UNILATERALLY DECIDED TO JOIN 6 BANDS WITH THREE. IN 1987 THEY REESTABLISHED THEMSELVESAS A DISTRICT FIRST NATION. THE COUNCIL FOR YUKON INDIANS RECOGNIZED THE TIAN KWACH'AN PEOPLE NOW LIVE IN WHITEHORSE.\
IN A COMPREHENSIVE LAND CLAIM WITH THE GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA AND YUKON, THE ITA'AN KWACH'AN SIGNED ITS FINAL AGREEMENTS AND BECAME A NATION IN 2002. THEIR TERRITORYCOVERS ABOUT 12,000 SQ.KM OF WHICH 796 SQ KM. ARE SETTLEMENT LANDS. IN 2002 THE COUNCIL ENTERED INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH HER MAGESTY THE QUEEN AFFIRMING THEIR RIGHT TO GOVERN THEMSELVES.
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IN 1900 DURING THE GOLD RUSH THEIR CHIEF RECOGNIZED THAQT HIS PEOPLE NEEDED PROTECTION FOR THEIR LAND AND HUNTING GROUNDS IN THE WAKE OF A GROWING NON ABORIGINAL POPULATION. CHIEF BOSS PETITIONED THE COMMISSIONER OF YUKON FOR FOR 1600 ACRES RESERVED AT TAA'AN MAN WHICH WAS SURVEYED. THEY ONLY GOT 320 ACRES. CHIEF BOSS REMAINED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AND OUTSPOKEN LEADERS OF YUKON INDIAN LEADERS OF THE YUKON INDIANDS. IN 1956 THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS UNILATERALLY DECIDED TO JOIN 6 BANDS WITH THREE. IN 1987 THEY REESTABLISHED THEMSELVESAS A DISTRICT FIRST NATION. THE COUNCIL FOR YUKON INDIANS RECOGNIZED THE TIAN KWACH'AN PEOPLE NOW LIVE IN WHITEHORSE.\
IN A COMPREHENSIVE LAND CLAIM WITH THE GOVERNMENTS OF CANADA AND YUKON, THE ITA'AN KWACH'AN SIGNED ITS FINAL AGREEMENTS AND BECAME A NATION IN 2002. THEIR TERRITORYCOVERS ABOUT 12,000 SQ.KM OF WHICH 796 SQ KM. ARE SETTLEMENT LANDS. IN 2002 THE COUNCIL ENTERED INTO AN AGREEMENT WITH HER MAGESTY THE QUEEN AFFIRMING THEIR RIGHT TO GOVERN THEMSELVES.
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SELKIRK FIRST NATION IN CANADA
THIS TRIBE IS LOCATED AT THE VILLAGE OF PELLY CROSSING ON THE CENTRAL YUKON. THEY SPEAK THTCHONE LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL GROUPING ARE CONNECTED TO THEIR NORTHERN NEIGHBORS. NACHO NYAK AND LITTLE SALMON CORKNECKS. THESE TRIBES ARE IN THE CARMACKS. THE FIRST NATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A NORTHERN TUTCHONE TRIBAL COUNCIL. THEY HAVE MANY HISTORIC TIES WITH THE SOUTHERN TUTCHANE PEOPLE WHO HAVE A SIMILAR CULTURE. THEY FIRST SETTLED INTHE HISTORIC COMMUNITYOF THE FUR TRADING FORT OF THE HUDSON BAY COMPANY IN 1850. THIS COMMUNITY REMAINED UNTIL 1950 WHEN THE RIVER BOATS STOPPED RUNNING. MANY FOLKS MOVED TO MINTO ALONG THE KLONDIKE HIGHWAY. THEY RELOCATED FURTHER NORTHWARD TO THE PRESENT DAY SITE OF PELLY CROSSING.
THE PELLY BAND EVENTUALLY BECAME KNOWN AS THE SELKIRK FIRST NATION AND BECAME SELF GOVERNING IN 1997. TODAY THEY HAVE 480 MEMBERS WITH 200 IN SQUARE MILES AND OTHER COMMUNITIES. THEY OWN ABOUT 1800 SQ. MILES AND WIL RECEIVE $16,600,000 OVER 15 YEARS. THEY MAKE LAWS AND DELIVER PROGRAMS. THE FIRST NATION IS GOVERNED BY A CHIEF AND COUNCIL WITH A CONSTITUTION, AND THEY REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. THE THE SELKIRK FIRST NATION HAS FORMED THEIR TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT. THE CHIEF IS ELECTED AND THE COUNSILORS ARE SELECTED BY WOLF AND CROW CLANS.
CYFY.CA/OURNATIONS
THE PELLY BAND EVENTUALLY BECAME KNOWN AS THE SELKIRK FIRST NATION AND BECAME SELF GOVERNING IN 1997. TODAY THEY HAVE 480 MEMBERS WITH 200 IN SQUARE MILES AND OTHER COMMUNITIES. THEY OWN ABOUT 1800 SQ. MILES AND WIL RECEIVE $16,600,000 OVER 15 YEARS. THEY MAKE LAWS AND DELIVER PROGRAMS. THE FIRST NATION IS GOVERNED BY A CHIEF AND COUNCIL WITH A CONSTITUTION, AND THEY REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. THE THE SELKIRK FIRST NATION HAS FORMED THEIR TRADITIONAL GOVERNMENT. THE CHIEF IS ELECTED AND THE COUNSILORS ARE SELECTED BY WOLF AND CROW CLANS.
CYFY.CA/OURNATIONS
NIH TAT GWICH'IN COUNCIL IN CANADA
INUVIK "OR PLACE OF MAN" IS LOCATED ON EAST CHANNEL OF THE MACKENZIE DELTA. INUVIKIS LOCATED ON THE EAST CHANNEL OF THE MACKENZIE DELTA. INUVIK IS WAS FOUNDED IN 1955 AS THE ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR WESTERN ARCTIC. THIS AREA WAS SUBJECT TO YEARLY FLOODING. THEY HAVE A LARGE SUPPLY OF GRAVEL. THE TOWN IS NEAR A RIVER TERRACE. DURING THE LAST 40 YEARS "INUVIK HAS HAS GROWN INTO A GOVERNMENT CENTER, TRANSPORTATION, HEALTH AND EDUCATION CENTER FOR THE REGION. IT IS A POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION. THEY HAVE SOME OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION DURING THE PAST THIRTY YEARS. THE TOWN IS AAABOUT 3300 PEOPLE, WITH 37% OF INUVIALUET DESCENT, 14% GWICH'IN DESCENT AND 7% METIS.
THEY SPEAK ATHAPASCAN AND THEIR WAY OF LIFE IS DISTINCT FROM NEARBY TRIBES. BY THE TIME THE ANGLOS CAME THEY LIVED IN 9 BANDS. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 2500 FOLKS THE GWICH'IN IN YUKON AND ALASKA ARE THEIR RELATIVES. MANY FAMILIES HAVE SUMMER AND WINTER CAMPS OUTSIDE OF COMMUNITIES. THEY GO HUNTING, FISHING, AND TRAPPING.
CYFN.CA/NIHT-GWICHIN
THEY SPEAK ATHAPASCAN AND THEIR WAY OF LIFE IS DISTINCT FROM NEARBY TRIBES. BY THE TIME THE ANGLOS CAME THEY LIVED IN 9 BANDS. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 2500 FOLKS THE GWICH'IN IN YUKON AND ALASKA ARE THEIR RELATIVES. MANY FAMILIES HAVE SUMMER AND WINTER CAMPS OUTSIDE OF COMMUNITIES. THEY GO HUNTING, FISHING, AND TRAPPING.
CYFN.CA/NIHT-GWICHIN
Tuesday, November 1, 2011
LITTLE SALMON CORKNECKS
FIRST NATION IS LOCATED IN THE COMMUNITY OF CARMACKS IN SOUTH CENTRAL YUKON ALONG THE YUKON RIVER. CARMACKS WAS AN IMPORTANT STOPPING POINT FOR THE MANY STEAM BOATS THAT TRAVELED BETWEEN WHITE HORSE AND DAWSON COUNTY DURING AND AFTER WHITE HORSE GOLD RUSH PERIOD. THE LITTLE SALMON CARMACKS FIRST NATION PEOPLE PART OF THE NORTHERN TUTCHONE LANGUAGE AND CULTURAL GROUPINGS. AND ARE CLOSELY AFFILIATED WITH THE FIRST NATION ARE PART OF THE NORTHERN TUTCHONE LANGUAGE. THE THREE FIRST NATIONS ARE FORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE NORTHERN TUTCHONE TRIBAL COUNCIL. THEY BECAME SELF GOVERNING IN 1997. THEY OWN 1000 SQUARE MILES OF LANDAND RECIEVES $15,000 OVER 15 YEARS. THEY HAVE THEIR OWN GOVERNMENT AND MAKE LAWS AND SERVICES.
LITTLE SALMON CORKNECKS HAVE RETURNED TO A TRADITIONAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT. THEY ELECTED THEIR CHIEF. THEIR COUNCIL HAS A TEEN AND AN ELDER. THEY PLAN TO BUILD A SELF SUFFICIENT FIRST NATION.
CYFN.CA/GWICH'IN
LITTLE SALMON CORKNECKS HAVE RETURNED TO A TRADITIONAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT. THEY ELECTED THEIR CHIEF. THEIR COUNCIL HAS A TEEN AND AN ELDER. THEY PLAN TO BUILD A SELF SUFFICIENT FIRST NATION.
CYFN.CA/GWICH'IN
KLUANE FIRST NATION
KWANE FIRST NATION IS LOCATED IN THE TOWN OF IN THE TOWN OF BURBANK LANDING ON THE SHORES OF KWANE LAKE. FOR HUNDREDS OF YEARS THE SOUTHERN TUTCHONE PEOPLE MIGRATED THROUGH THE KLUNE LAKE AREA, HUNTING AND FISHING AND GATHERING FOOD. THEY BELONG TO THE ATHAPASKAN FAMILY THEY ARE CLOSE WITH THEIR NEIGHBORSTHE CHAMPAGNE /AISHIHIK AND ALSO UPPER TANANA. BY 1943 AREA WAS DESIGNATED WAS DESIGNATED A NATIONAL PARK AND IT WAS AVAILIBLE TO THE PEOPLE WHO RELIED ON ITS RESOURCES. THE KUANE LIVE ON THE SHORES OF THE LAKE. THEY ARE PROUD OF OUR 'A SI KEYI' OUR GRANDFATHERS COUNTRY. THEY HAVE CLIMBED THE MOUNTAINS , FISHED THE LAKES AND CREEKS. THEY CELEBRATED THE POTLATCH IN GOOD TIMES AND BAD. WE BELIEVE IN THE FUTURE OF OUR PEOPLE AND PRACTICE OUR RIGHT TO SELF GOVERN.
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GWICHYA GWICH'IN COUNCIL
ARCTIC RED RIVER EQUALS "MOUTH OF THE IRON RIVER". A CATHOLIC MISSION WAS ESTABLISHED WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1869 WHEN THEY BUILT A TRADITIONAL GWICH'IN FISHING CAMP AT THE MOUTH OF THE CONFLUENCE OF THE ARCTIC RED AND MACKENZIE RIVER. IN THE EARLY 1870'S HUDSON BAY TRADING COMPANY TRADING POST WAS BUILT HERE. BY 1940 THERE WERE STILL THREE FAMILIES AT THE SITE
BY 1970'S THE POPULATION BEGAN TO GROW. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 200 FOLKS, 90% ARE GWICH'IN DESCENT AND THEY STILL FOLLOW A TRADITIONAL STYLE OF LIFE OF HUNTING, FISHING AND GATHERING.
CYFN.CA/EHCLITAL
BY 1970'S THE POPULATION BEGAN TO GROW. TODAY THEY HAVE ABOUT 200 FOLKS, 90% ARE GWICH'IN DESCENT AND THEY STILL FOLLOW A TRADITIONAL STYLE OF LIFE OF HUNTING, FISHING AND GATHERING.
CYFN.CA/EHCLITAL
NACHO NYAK DUN FIRST NATION
THIS NATION REPRESENTS THE MOST NORTHERN COMMUNITY OF THE TUTCHONE FIST NATIONS AT PELLY CROSSING. THE THREE NATIONS FORM A NORTHERN TUTCHONE COUNCIL TO DEAL WITH ISSUES AND VISIONS.
THIS NATION HAS BEEN ACTIVE IN ITS BEGINNING IN 1973. MEMBERS OF THE FIRST NATION HELPED GUIDE THE COUNCIL OF YUKON. FIRST NATIONS AND ITS MEMBER NATIONS WERE GUIDED DURING CRITICAL TIMES. TWO OF THEIR ISSUES WERE LOSS OF SELF GOVERNMENT AND RETENTION OF ABORIGINAL RIGHTS. THESE WERE IN THE 1993 AGREEMENTS. THEY NOW OWN 1830 SQUARE MILES OF SETTLEMENT LANDS AND WILL RECEIVE $14,000 OVER 15 YEARS. THEY ARE ACTIVE IN THE MAYO COMMUNITY TO PROMOTE A RICH NATURAL RESOURCES.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
THIS NATION HAS BEEN ACTIVE IN ITS BEGINNING IN 1973. MEMBERS OF THE FIRST NATION HELPED GUIDE THE COUNCIL OF YUKON. FIRST NATIONS AND ITS MEMBER NATIONS WERE GUIDED DURING CRITICAL TIMES. TWO OF THEIR ISSUES WERE LOSS OF SELF GOVERNMENT AND RETENTION OF ABORIGINAL RIGHTS. THESE WERE IN THE 1993 AGREEMENTS. THEY NOW OWN 1830 SQUARE MILES OF SETTLEMENT LANDS AND WILL RECEIVE $14,000 OVER 15 YEARS. THEY ARE ACTIVE IN THE MAYO COMMUNITY TO PROMOTE A RICH NATURAL RESOURCES.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
EHDIITAT-GWICH'IN COUNCIL IN CANADA
THE EHDIITAT GWICH'IN COUNCIL LIVE IN KLAVIK. THIS IS A PLACE OF BARREN LAND OF THE GRIZZLY. IN 1918 IT WAS FOUNDED ON THE PEEL RIVER, NEAR THE MACKENZIE RIVER. IT FLOWS INTO THE SEA NEAR THE MOUNTAINS. THERE ARE THREE MAJOR ZONES -THE DELTA, THE HILLS, THE PLAINS. AKLAVIK IS ON A FLAT AREA BY THE RIVER. THERE ARE 780 PEOPLE HERE. THE FROZEN RIVER HAS A ROD WHILE WATER CROSSINGS ARE POSSIBLE FOR PART OF THE YEAR. MOST PEOPLE FLY HERE. THIS IS THE SITE WHERE THE INWIALIUT AND GWICH'IN MET AND GOT GOOD FOOD AND TRADED.
THIS COMMUNITY WAS THE MAIN LOCATION FOR TRADING, TRAPPING, AND BECAME A TRADING POST FOR THE HUDSON BAY FOLKS IN 1912. A MISSION WAS BUILT THERE IN 1926.
THE FIRST NATIONS NEGOTIATED A SELF GOVERNANCE FOR THEIR TRIBES IN 1996 AND IT CONTINUES TODAY. MOST FOLKS FOLLOW THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE. THEY HUNT, FISH, TRAP, DO ARTS AND CRAFTS, TOURISM, EXPLORE FOR MINERAL AND GAS (AN IMPORTANT ECONOMY). THEY HAVE BUILT A HALL, SCHOOL, POOL, PLAYGROUND, OUTDOOR RINK, MUSEUM, HEALTH CENTER, FIRE HALL, AND CHURCH.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
THIS COMMUNITY WAS THE MAIN LOCATION FOR TRADING, TRAPPING, AND BECAME A TRADING POST FOR THE HUDSON BAY FOLKS IN 1912. A MISSION WAS BUILT THERE IN 1926.
THE FIRST NATIONS NEGOTIATED A SELF GOVERNANCE FOR THEIR TRIBES IN 1996 AND IT CONTINUES TODAY. MOST FOLKS FOLLOW THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF LIFE. THEY HUNT, FISH, TRAP, DO ARTS AND CRAFTS, TOURISM, EXPLORE FOR MINERAL AND GAS (AN IMPORTANT ECONOMY). THEY HAVE BUILT A HALL, SCHOOL, POOL, PLAYGROUND, OUTDOOR RINK, MUSEUM, HEALTH CENTER, FIRE HALL, AND CHURCH.
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CHAMPAGNE AND AISHIHIK IN CANADA
THE CHAMPAGNE ARE LOCATED IN HAINES JUNCTION. THEY MAINTAIN A BUSY OFFICE IN WHITEHORSE. THEIR HOMELAND IS IN THE SOUTHWEST YUKON AND NORTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA. THEY ARE LOCATED DEZADESH RIVER. THEIR LANGUAGE IS TUTCHONE- A MEMBER OF THE ATHABASKAN. THEY MAINTAIN STRONG RELATIONS WITH THEIR NEIGHBORS TO THE SOUTH AND THE TLINGITS. IN OLDER DAYS THE MOST PEOPLE WERE BILINGUAL. THIS NATION IS ONE OF THE LARGEST OF YUKONS 14 FIRST NATIONS WITH 1200 MEMBERS.
IN 1993 AFTER MORE THAN 29 YEARS OF DEBATE THE YUKON PORTION OF THE TRADITIONAL LAND AND RESOURCES WERE CONFIRMED WITH THE FIRST NATION FINAL AGREEMENT. THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT PROVIDES THEM WITH OWNING 2400 SQ. KM. OF LAND AND $28 MILLION TO BE PAID OVER 15 YEARS.
THE AREA OF A PARTICULAR INTEREST TO THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD IS A RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIND IN MELTING ICE FIELDS WITHIN THE CHAMPAGNE TERRITORY. 150 ARTIFACTS WERE FOUND DATING 800 TO 9,000 YEARS AGO: WEAPONS, TOOLS OF HUNTERS, DEBITAGE SITES PRESERVED IN ICE. IN 2000 A FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEAR OLD BODY OF A HUNTER WAS DISCOVERED IN B.C. THESE FINDS ARE IMPORTANT TO THESE TRIBES TO MAKE A CONNECTION WITH ANCESTORS WHO LIVED THERE.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
IN 1993 AFTER MORE THAN 29 YEARS OF DEBATE THE YUKON PORTION OF THE TRADITIONAL LAND AND RESOURCES WERE CONFIRMED WITH THE FIRST NATION FINAL AGREEMENT. THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT PROVIDES THEM WITH OWNING 2400 SQ. KM. OF LAND AND $28 MILLION TO BE PAID OVER 15 YEARS.
THE AREA OF A PARTICULAR INTEREST TO THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD IS A RECENT ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIND IN MELTING ICE FIELDS WITHIN THE CHAMPAGNE TERRITORY. 150 ARTIFACTS WERE FOUND DATING 800 TO 9,000 YEARS AGO: WEAPONS, TOOLS OF HUNTERS, DEBITAGE SITES PRESERVED IN ICE. IN 2000 A FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEAR OLD BODY OF A HUNTER WAS DISCOVERED IN B.C. THESE FINDS ARE IMPORTANT TO THESE TRIBES TO MAKE A CONNECTION WITH ANCESTORS WHO LIVED THERE.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
YUKON INDIANS IN CANADA
CARCUSS/FAGISH FIRST NATION IS LOCATED IN THE TOWN OF CARCROSS. THESE FOLKS SPOKE ATHAPASKAN AND WERE TAGLISH. THEY BECAME HOME TO TRADERS FROM SOUTHEAST ALASKA WHO CAME TO THE YUKON FOR TRADE PURPOSES FOR 30 YEARS. THE CARCROSS/TAGLISH ARE DESCENDANTS OF THE TAGLISH AND TLINGIT. BY 2006 THEIR NATION BECAME THE SELF GOVERNING ONE.
THEY HAVE BUILT A GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE BASED ON THE CLAN SYSTEM. THERER ARE FIVE CLANS REPRESENTED. EACH CLAN PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE GOVERNANCE OF THIS FIRST NATION.
THEY ARE COMMITTED TO RESTORING JUSTICE AND BELIEVE IN THE WELLNESS OF THE COMMUNITY. THESE FOLKS HAVE POTLATCHES PRESERVING SONGS, DANCES AND ORAL HISTORIES. THEY PRESERVE THEIR ANCESTRAL STORIES.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
THEY HAVE BUILT A GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE BASED ON THE CLAN SYSTEM. THERER ARE FIVE CLANS REPRESENTED. EACH CLAN PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN THE GOVERNANCE OF THIS FIRST NATION.
THEY ARE COMMITTED TO RESTORING JUSTICE AND BELIEVE IN THE WELLNESS OF THE COMMUNITY. THESE FOLKS HAVE POTLATCHES PRESERVING SONGS, DANCES AND ORAL HISTORIES. THEY PRESERVE THEIR ANCESTRAL STORIES.
CYFN.CA/OURNATIONS
TOBIQUE INDIAND IN NEW BRUNSWICK
PRIOR TO CONTACT THE TOBIQUE OPERATED THROUGHOUT THE WATERSHED OF W'OTA'TOKIYOKOK WHICH CONSISTS OF VAST NETWORK OF RIVERS AND LAKES IN 54,000 SQ. KM. THESE NATIVES TRAVELED TO THE RIVERS AND LAKES AND LIVED ON THEIR SHORE. THEY GATHER ANIMALS AND PLANTS FOR NOURISHMENT. THESE PEOPLE HUNTED, FISHED, AND GATHERED ENDLESS PLANTS. THEY COLLECTED BERRIES, NUTS, MEDICINAL PLANTS AND FRUITS. THEY RESPECTED THEIR TERRITORIES.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS VISITED IN THE THE 1490'S. AN ENGLISH KING AND FRENCH CAME TO MAKE PROFITS BUT ALSO CONQUERED LANDS, THAT RESULTED IN WARS.
BY 1763 A PROCLAMATION GUARENTEED THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE THEIR LAND AND RESOURCES AND THE TITLES MUST BE PURCHASED OR AN AGREEMENT REACHED. THEY WERE CLOSELY CONNECTED TO A BIG SPIDER WEB SPREAD OVER THEIR HOMELAND WITH 65 CAMPSITES AND 15 MAIN VILLAGES. THEY ALLOWED PEACEFUL NOMADIC NATIVE IMMIGRANTS USE AND OCCUPY PARCELS OF LAND THEY MADE ALLIES WITH THE FRENCH AS EARLY AS 1500 AND 1600.
THEN BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH PILAGED THE RESOURCES OF ALL THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE. THEY DISREGARDED THE 1763 PROCLAMATION THAT GAVE THEM THE RIGHT TO TO THESE LANDS. FINALLY IN 1867 CANADA TOOK RESPONSIBILITY TO RESERVE THEIR LANDS UNDER THE BRITISH NATIVE AMERICAN ACT. THEY RECIEVED THE MANAGEMENT AND SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS THAT BELONGED TO THE PROVINCE AS WELL AS TIMBER AND WOODS THERE.
TOBIQUELANDRIGHTS.COM
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS VISITED IN THE THE 1490'S. AN ENGLISH KING AND FRENCH CAME TO MAKE PROFITS BUT ALSO CONQUERED LANDS, THAT RESULTED IN WARS.
BY 1763 A PROCLAMATION GUARENTEED THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE THEIR LAND AND RESOURCES AND THE TITLES MUST BE PURCHASED OR AN AGREEMENT REACHED. THEY WERE CLOSELY CONNECTED TO A BIG SPIDER WEB SPREAD OVER THEIR HOMELAND WITH 65 CAMPSITES AND 15 MAIN VILLAGES. THEY ALLOWED PEACEFUL NOMADIC NATIVE IMMIGRANTS USE AND OCCUPY PARCELS OF LAND THEY MADE ALLIES WITH THE FRENCH AS EARLY AS 1500 AND 1600.
THEN BOTH FRENCH AND ENGLISH PILAGED THE RESOURCES OF ALL THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE. THEY DISREGARDED THE 1763 PROCLAMATION THAT GAVE THEM THE RIGHT TO TO THESE LANDS. FINALLY IN 1867 CANADA TOOK RESPONSIBILITY TO RESERVE THEIR LANDS UNDER THE BRITISH NATIVE AMERICAN ACT. THEY RECIEVED THE MANAGEMENT AND SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS THAT BELONGED TO THE PROVINCE AS WELL AS TIMBER AND WOODS THERE.
TOBIQUELANDRIGHTS.COM
Monday, October 31, 2011
SAINT MARY'S FIRST NATION
THE OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF SAINT MARY'S COMMUNITY THE OFFICIAL RECOGNITION OF SAINT MARY'S COMMUNITY ON THEIR RESERVATION WAS IN 1867. THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT IT WAS USED AS A CAMPGROUND AND AT LEAST AS EARLY AS 1818, THE YEAR OF A WIGWAM SITE. THEY HAVE INDICATIONS THAT IT WAS A CAMPGROUND IN THE EARLY 1800'S.
MOST OF THE FOLKS WHO USED THIS SITE CAME FROM MALISEET VILLAGE IN KINGSCLEAR. BUT SINCE OUR PEOPLE REGULARLY TRAVEL UP AND DOWN RIVER AS PART OF THEIR MIGRATIONS, THERE WAS A MIXTURE OF PEOPLE FROM FROM ALL VILLAGES. THERE IS LITTLE DOUBT THAT THE MALISEET TRAVELERS WERE ATTRACTIVE SINCE IT WAS CLOSE TO FURS, BASKETS, MOCCASSINS, AND SNOW SHOES THAT THEY TRADED.
THE EARLIEST WRITTEN EVIDENCE AT ST. MARY'S CAME IN 1832 AND AGAIN IN 1814. THEY CALLED IT THE INJUN CAMP, AS AN INSULT. BY 1947 THEY CHANGED THE NAME TO DEVON. THEY BUILT A MISSION FOR THE MALISEETS IN THE AREA AND THERE WAS A CHURCH OF ST. ANNE. GABE IS A RECOGNIZED FOUNDERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY OF ST. MARY'S IN 1847. IT WAS A MALISEET COMMUNITY AT THE TIME.
HE MET A WOMAN AND LIVED A MIGRATORY LIFESTYLE. HE FOUND REGULAR EMPLOYMENT AS A GUIDE FOR TOURISTS BY 1850'S AND HIS WIFE WAS KNOWN FOR HER BEADWORK. HE CLEARED 14 ACRES AND PLANTED A GARDEN AND LIVED IN A WIGWAM UNTIL 1857 WHEN HE BUILT A HOUSE WHICH GAVE HIM RECOGNITION AS FOUNDER.
BY 1861 SAINT MARYS HAD GROWN FROM 9 HOUSEHOLDS TO 21 HOUSEHOLDS. SOME OF THESE FOLKS WERE HUNTING GUIDES, SOME ARTISTS, AND CRAFTSMEN, AND CANOEMAKERS. THEY HAD A LARGE GROWTH OF POPULAQTION. THEN THEY EXPERIENCED THEFT OF THEIR LANDS AND DESTRUCTION OF HUNTING BOUNDARIES, STARVATION, DISEASE FOR MALISEET. THIS WAS DUE TO GREED OF THE NEW PIONEERS. IN 1844 THEY PASSED THE ACT OF DISPOSING LANDS RESERVED FOR THE INDIANS AND THE ANGLOS WERE INVOLVED IN FRAUD AS RAILROAD BARONS/ LEGISLATURES BY GRANTING MORE LANDS TO ENGLAND. THE MID 1800'S HAD INTENSE RASICM AS OTHER PEOPLE CONSIDERED THE NATIVE PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD IN LITURATURE AS SAVAGE, LAZY, AND LESS THAN HUMAN. THE MALISEET AND OTHERS EXPERIENCED RACISM. HOWEVER, THIS TRIBE WAS BOTH STRONG AND HAD RESISTENCE TO REPEATED REMOVAK EFFORTS. IN 1865 THEIR LAND WAS SOLD TO AN ANGLO, MR. HUGHES.BY 1865 THE GOVERNMENT AGREED TO BUY A PIECE OF LAND FOR THE MALISEETS. THEIR LAND MEASURED 2 1/2 ACRES. THE FIRST FEDERAL AGENT TO BE APPOINTED HAD THE JOB OF ASSIMILATING AND CIVILIZING INDIANS THROUGH AGRICULTURE, SCHOOLING AND REDUCTION OF GOVERNMENT RESISTANCE TO INDIANS.
THE NATIVES HAD RESISTED THIS AND COMPLAINED SINCE THEY WERE IMPLEMENTED AT THE SAME TIME FISH AND GAME WERE RESTRICTED AND A WORLD OF LAWS WERE RESTRICTED AND AWARDED A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION. THE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES SUFFERED AND REFUSED TO PUT THEIR KIDS IN ANGLO SCHOOLS. THEY HAD NO SPACE FOR AGRICULTURE, POOR HEALTH, LIMITED WORK OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOGGING, RAFTING, GUIDING, TRAPPING, AND THE MAKING OF BASKETS, CANOES, AND MOCCASINS.
IN 1884, THE INDIANADVANCEMENT ACT GAVE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES A MISSION TO SEEK RESTORATION OF THEIR LANDS. IN 1885 THEY BUILT A BRIDGE OVER ST. JOHN'S RIVER AND THEY BUILT FACTORIES FOR MANUFACTURING CANOES AND SHOEPACKS. SOME OF THE NATIVES HAD TO TRAVEL TO SELL THEIR GOODS AND WORK IN THE WOODS AND MILLS. THESE FOLKS ARE STILL UNSETTLED WITH MANY ISSUES AND STILL STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL.
ST MARY'S FIRST NATION.COM
ACADIAN.COM
MOST OF THE FOLKS WHO USED THIS SITE CAME FROM MALISEET VILLAGE IN KINGSCLEAR. BUT SINCE OUR PEOPLE REGULARLY TRAVEL UP AND DOWN RIVER AS PART OF THEIR MIGRATIONS, THERE WAS A MIXTURE OF PEOPLE FROM FROM ALL VILLAGES. THERE IS LITTLE DOUBT THAT THE MALISEET TRAVELERS WERE ATTRACTIVE SINCE IT WAS CLOSE TO FURS, BASKETS, MOCCASSINS, AND SNOW SHOES THAT THEY TRADED.
THE EARLIEST WRITTEN EVIDENCE AT ST. MARY'S CAME IN 1832 AND AGAIN IN 1814. THEY CALLED IT THE INJUN CAMP, AS AN INSULT. BY 1947 THEY CHANGED THE NAME TO DEVON. THEY BUILT A MISSION FOR THE MALISEETS IN THE AREA AND THERE WAS A CHURCH OF ST. ANNE. GABE IS A RECOGNIZED FOUNDERS OF THEIR COMMUNITY OF ST. MARY'S IN 1847. IT WAS A MALISEET COMMUNITY AT THE TIME.
HE MET A WOMAN AND LIVED A MIGRATORY LIFESTYLE. HE FOUND REGULAR EMPLOYMENT AS A GUIDE FOR TOURISTS BY 1850'S AND HIS WIFE WAS KNOWN FOR HER BEADWORK. HE CLEARED 14 ACRES AND PLANTED A GARDEN AND LIVED IN A WIGWAM UNTIL 1857 WHEN HE BUILT A HOUSE WHICH GAVE HIM RECOGNITION AS FOUNDER.
BY 1861 SAINT MARYS HAD GROWN FROM 9 HOUSEHOLDS TO 21 HOUSEHOLDS. SOME OF THESE FOLKS WERE HUNTING GUIDES, SOME ARTISTS, AND CRAFTSMEN, AND CANOEMAKERS. THEY HAD A LARGE GROWTH OF POPULAQTION. THEN THEY EXPERIENCED THEFT OF THEIR LANDS AND DESTRUCTION OF HUNTING BOUNDARIES, STARVATION, DISEASE FOR MALISEET. THIS WAS DUE TO GREED OF THE NEW PIONEERS. IN 1844 THEY PASSED THE ACT OF DISPOSING LANDS RESERVED FOR THE INDIANS AND THE ANGLOS WERE INVOLVED IN FRAUD AS RAILROAD BARONS/ LEGISLATURES BY GRANTING MORE LANDS TO ENGLAND. THE MID 1800'S HAD INTENSE RASICM AS OTHER PEOPLE CONSIDERED THE NATIVE PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD IN LITURATURE AS SAVAGE, LAZY, AND LESS THAN HUMAN. THE MALISEET AND OTHERS EXPERIENCED RACISM. HOWEVER, THIS TRIBE WAS BOTH STRONG AND HAD RESISTENCE TO REPEATED REMOVAK EFFORTS. IN 1865 THEIR LAND WAS SOLD TO AN ANGLO, MR. HUGHES.BY 1865 THE GOVERNMENT AGREED TO BUY A PIECE OF LAND FOR THE MALISEETS. THEIR LAND MEASURED 2 1/2 ACRES. THE FIRST FEDERAL AGENT TO BE APPOINTED HAD THE JOB OF ASSIMILATING AND CIVILIZING INDIANS THROUGH AGRICULTURE, SCHOOLING AND REDUCTION OF GOVERNMENT RESISTANCE TO INDIANS.
THE NATIVES HAD RESISTED THIS AND COMPLAINED SINCE THEY WERE IMPLEMENTED AT THE SAME TIME FISH AND GAME WERE RESTRICTED AND A WORLD OF LAWS WERE RESTRICTED AND AWARDED A WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION. THE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES SUFFERED AND REFUSED TO PUT THEIR KIDS IN ANGLO SCHOOLS. THEY HAD NO SPACE FOR AGRICULTURE, POOR HEALTH, LIMITED WORK OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOGGING, RAFTING, GUIDING, TRAPPING, AND THE MAKING OF BASKETS, CANOES, AND MOCCASINS.
IN 1884, THE INDIANADVANCEMENT ACT GAVE SAINT MARY'S NATIVES A MISSION TO SEEK RESTORATION OF THEIR LANDS. IN 1885 THEY BUILT A BRIDGE OVER ST. JOHN'S RIVER AND THEY BUILT FACTORIES FOR MANUFACTURING CANOES AND SHOEPACKS. SOME OF THE NATIVES HAD TO TRAVEL TO SELL THEIR GOODS AND WORK IN THE WOODS AND MILLS. THESE FOLKS ARE STILL UNSETTLED WITH MANY ISSUES AND STILL STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL.
ST MARY'S FIRST NATION.COM
ACADIAN.COM
MADAWASKA INDIANS IN NEW BRUNSWICK
MADEWASKA LIVE ON A KNOLL NEAR EDMONSTON, NEW BRUNSWICK ON THE ROAD TO SAINT BASILE. THIS IS THEIR RESERVATIONAND THE REMNANTS OF THE ANCIENT CAPITAL OF THE SAINT JOHN RIVER. THE VALIENT MALECITE WERE AN ALLY TO ACADIA AND WERE ENEMIES OF NEW ENGLAND PIONEERS. TRADITION HAS IT THAT THIS SITE WAS KNOWN AS MADOUESKAK. THIS SETTLEMENT WAS CALLED MADOUESKAK. IT WAS HERE FOR SEVERAL CENTURIES BEFORE THE FRENCH EXPLORATION OF ACADIA AND CANADA. THE INDIAN VILLAGE HAD ABOUT 300 FOLKS AND WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT CENTER OF THE MALACITE TRIBE.
THE MALICITES WERE PART OF THE ABENAKIS NATION AND PASSAMAQUODDYS. THE WORD MADAWASKA IS OF MICMAC ORIGIN. MADOULS MEANS "PORCUPINE" AND KAK MEANS "PLACE". THEY LIVE IN IN THE LAND OF THE PORCUPINE. THE ABORIGINES OF THE VALLEY COULD BE THE MICMACS.
THE MALICITES WERE A NOMADIC PEOPLE. THEY FISHED, HUNTED DEER AND MOOSE, AND THEY ALSO CHASED MOHAWKS. THEIR VILLAGE WAS ALMOST DESERTED. THE TRIBE OF THE MADAWASKA OCCUPIED ALL OF THE ST. JOHN VALLEY FROM THE GRAND FALLS, NEW BRUNSWICK TO QUEBEC. THEIR CAPITAL WAS THE MOUTH OF THE MADAWASKA RIVER. THIS VILLAGE WAS SURROUNDED BY A THICK STOCKADE OF TREES THAT WAS IMPENETRABLE. THE INDIANS FROM LOWER ST. JOHN VALLEY AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE KENEBEC TOOK REFUGE IN THESE TREES DURING ENEMY INCURSIONS.
THERE WERE A NUMBER OF WARS IN THE AREA AND SEVERAL MASSACRES WHEN THE IROQUOIS ARRIVED AT THE VILLAGE OF THE MADAOVESKAKS. THEY FOUND THEIR GREAT CHIEF OF THE MALICITES HAD ORGANIZED A DEFENSE OF HIS FORT WITH 100 WARRIORS. THE MALECITES GAVE UP THE STRUGGLE. THERE WAS CONSTANT DISASTER. THE IROQUOIS ORDER THE CHIEF OF THE MADOUESKAKS TO SURRENDER THE FORT . HE SAID YOUR EVIL MASTER TO SHOW HIMSELF ON MY FIELDS. THEY WERE AGAIN DEFEATED. THEY ATTRIBUTED THEIR BAD LUCK TO THE EVIL ONE. THEY HAVE MANY LEGENDS.
ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS THEY HAD WEAPONS 400 YEARS BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THIS TERRITORY. BY 1787 IN MADAWASKA RIVER THE SURVEYOR GENERAAL FOUND AN INDIAN VILLAGE OF 60 FAMILIES. THEY ARE VISITED BY PRIESTS.
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THE MALICITES WERE PART OF THE ABENAKIS NATION AND PASSAMAQUODDYS. THE WORD MADAWASKA IS OF MICMAC ORIGIN. MADOULS MEANS "PORCUPINE" AND KAK MEANS "PLACE". THEY LIVE IN IN THE LAND OF THE PORCUPINE. THE ABORIGINES OF THE VALLEY COULD BE THE MICMACS.
THE MALICITES WERE A NOMADIC PEOPLE. THEY FISHED, HUNTED DEER AND MOOSE, AND THEY ALSO CHASED MOHAWKS. THEIR VILLAGE WAS ALMOST DESERTED. THE TRIBE OF THE MADAWASKA OCCUPIED ALL OF THE ST. JOHN VALLEY FROM THE GRAND FALLS, NEW BRUNSWICK TO QUEBEC. THEIR CAPITAL WAS THE MOUTH OF THE MADAWASKA RIVER. THIS VILLAGE WAS SURROUNDED BY A THICK STOCKADE OF TREES THAT WAS IMPENETRABLE. THE INDIANS FROM LOWER ST. JOHN VALLEY AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE KENEBEC TOOK REFUGE IN THESE TREES DURING ENEMY INCURSIONS.
THERE WERE A NUMBER OF WARS IN THE AREA AND SEVERAL MASSACRES WHEN THE IROQUOIS ARRIVED AT THE VILLAGE OF THE MADAOVESKAKS. THEY FOUND THEIR GREAT CHIEF OF THE MALICITES HAD ORGANIZED A DEFENSE OF HIS FORT WITH 100 WARRIORS. THE MALECITES GAVE UP THE STRUGGLE. THERE WAS CONSTANT DISASTER. THE IROQUOIS ORDER THE CHIEF OF THE MADOUESKAKS TO SURRENDER THE FORT . HE SAID YOUR EVIL MASTER TO SHOW HIMSELF ON MY FIELDS. THEY WERE AGAIN DEFEATED. THEY ATTRIBUTED THEIR BAD LUCK TO THE EVIL ONE. THEY HAVE MANY LEGENDS.
ACCORDING TO ARCHAEOLOGISTS THEY HAD WEAPONS 400 YEARS BEFORE THE DISCOVERY OF THIS TERRITORY. BY 1787 IN MADAWASKA RIVER THE SURVEYOR GENERAAL FOUND AN INDIAN VILLAGE OF 60 FAMILIES. THEY ARE VISITED BY PRIESTS.
ARCADIAN.ORG
ART SHOW AT CHURCH OF RELIGIOUS SCIENCE
I WENT TO THE ART SHOW AT THE CHURCH OF RELIGIOUS SCIENCE. I SAW A NUMBER OF GREAT PAINTINGS, JEWELRY, PHOTOS, QUILTS, AS WELL AS WEAVINGS. I MET MY FRIENDS FROM HEALDSBURG. I WAS AMAZED AT HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE ARTISTS. SOME OF THE SALES MONEY OF THESE PROJECTS GOES TO THE CHURCH. I SPOKE TO THE OLDER FOLKS AND MET SOME YOUNGER PEOPLE ALSO. ONE 17 YEAR OLD WAS DOING SOME MAGIC SHOW WITH COINS AND WITH CARDS. I DIDN'T QUITE UNDERSTAND WHAT HE WAS DOING AS THERE WERE PEOPLE IN FRONT OF ME. HE SAID HE WAS GOING TO MOVE TO SAN FRANCISCO TO GET HIS ACT GOING.I MET A MAN WHO HAD SAND BLASTED SMALL AND LARGE STONES WITH CELTIC DESIGNS. I KNOW HE HAS BEEN COMING TO THIS CHURCH A LONG TIME. I ALSO REMET A LADY WHO LED ANIMAL MINISTRIES FOR THE CHURCH. I MET AN INTERESTING 22 YEAR OLD BLACK YOUNG MAN AND HIS FATHER. THEY WERE INTERESTED IN MY STORY OF MY MANY ETHNICITIES AND MY BACKGROUND AND HOW I MET MY HUSBAND. HE WAS THE SAME AGE AS MY SON AND HAD HEARD OF PAT LIVES. HE WAS INTERESTED IN MEETING MY SON. I ESPECIALLY LIKED THE FOUR FLUTE PLAYERS WHO PLAYED FOR HOURS UPSTAIRS. IT WAS ALSO WELL SUPPLIED WITH GREAT FOOD TRAYS AND THEY HAD MANY ART PIECES FOR AUCTION.
CENTER FOR SPIRITUAL LIVING
YESTERDAY I ATTENDED THIS CHURCH AND THERE WAS AN ENERGETIC YOUNG MINISTER FROM COLORADO. HER MESSAGE WAS HOW YOU CAN HEAL YOUR PAST. THERE WAS A GREAT SINGER AND BAND ALSO. SHE SAID OUR THOUGHTS ARE OFTEN THAT WE ARE NOT ENOUGH. WE ARE ALL WHOLE JUST AS WE ARE. FORGIVE EVEYONE. WHENEVER WE LOVE OURSELVES EVERTTHING WORKS. SHE EXPLAINED THAT SHE CAME FROM AN ABUSIVE FAMILY. HEAL VENGEFUL WAYS OF THINKING - NO ONE WINS. HEAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERS - MOST OF OUR BELIEFS ARE ENCODED BY 3 YEARS OLD. SAFETY IS AN ISSUE AS MANY OF US HAVE FEARS - LEARN TO RELEASE THEM AND FEEL SECURE. LOVE YOURSELF - NO ONE HAS POWER TO MAKE US FEEL GOOD. JUDGEMENT OF PEOPLE IS DETERMINED FROM WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE ON THE OUTSIDE. BUT WE SHOULD NOT PREJUDGE PEOPLE. ANGER IS FEELING THE CREATES EATING DISORDERS. LEARN WHO YOU CAN TALK TO TO RELEASE YOUR ANGER. TO BE HEALTHY WE CAN SHIFT OUR THINKING AND LET THE GOOD ENTER. NOTHING CAN STOP YOU, EVERY MORNING IS A NEW ARRIVAL. DO NOT LET YOUR PAST DEFINE WHO YOU ARE. SHE WAS ALSO A GREAT SINGER.
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
MY EXPERIENCE SAVING THE LIFE OF A GIRLFRIEND
WHEN I WAS A MOM TAKING CARE OF OF MY SON, I GOT A CALL FROM ONE OF MY GIRLFRIEND'S WHO LIVED NEARBY US. SHE DID NOT KNOW SHE DID NOT KNOW WHAT HAPPENED BUT WAS IN PAIN AND ASKED ME TO TAKE HER TO THE HOSPITAL. IT WAS AN UNLIKELY EXPERIENCE AS MY CAR WAS IN MY GARAGE AND IT DID NOT OPEN WITH MY BUTTON. I HAQD A NEIGHBOR FIGURE IT OUT. MY SON WAS IN SCHOOL. AFTER I GOT TO HER HOUSE ANOTHER GIRLFRIEND WAS THEIR AND BOTH OF US HAD TO HELP HER GET INTO MY CAR TO TAKE HER TO THE NEARBY EMERGENCY ROOM. I DON'T KNOW WHY SHE DID NOT CALL AN AMBULANCE. IN ANY CASE THEY CALLED HER HUSBAND WHO WAS IN A NEARBY TOWN. HE CAME THERE SOON. SHE HAD A MINOR HEART ATTACK AND THEY MOVED HER TO THE MAIN HOSPITAL WHERE SHE HAD OPEN HEART SURGERY BY A VERY RELIABLE SURGEON. IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE TO ME TO HEAR ABOUT THIS SINCE SHE WAS YOUNG AND VERY THIN. I GUESS SHE MIGHT HAVE BEEN UNDER STRESS WITH FOUR KIDS..?
IN ANY CASE SHE WAS IN THE HOSPITAL FOR ABOUT A WEEK OR SO. I FOUND OUT THAT HER HUSBAND DID NOT KNOW HOW TO COOK! I MADE THEM A MEAL OR TWO. I GUESS HE LEARNED AFTER THAT. I ALSO WENT TO THE HOSPITAL TO VISIT HER AND BRING HER SOME ROSES FROM OUR GARDEN. IT TOOK HER SEVERAL MONTHS TO RECOUPERATE WITH SOME SETBACKS AS USUAL. I VISITED HER AND CHATTED WITH HER AS I WAS MAKING A FOUNTAIN BUSINESS AS I RAISED MY SON. I'LL NEVER FORGET THIS EXPERIENCE. I HAD SOME OF HER FRIENDS OVER FOR A SMALL BRUNCH DURING HER RECOVERY PERIOD. COOKING MAKES ME HAPPY. AND I'M ALSO A PEOPLE PERSON. I REALIZED THAT RAISING A CHILD WITHOUT ANY RELATIVES NEARBY IS A LONELY EXPERIENCE. SO I JOINED A MOM'S GROUP IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS AND JOINED A CHURCH. WE ALL HAD SIMILAR ISSUES TO DISCUSS.
IN ANY CASE SHE WAS IN THE HOSPITAL FOR ABOUT A WEEK OR SO. I FOUND OUT THAT HER HUSBAND DID NOT KNOW HOW TO COOK! I MADE THEM A MEAL OR TWO. I GUESS HE LEARNED AFTER THAT. I ALSO WENT TO THE HOSPITAL TO VISIT HER AND BRING HER SOME ROSES FROM OUR GARDEN. IT TOOK HER SEVERAL MONTHS TO RECOUPERATE WITH SOME SETBACKS AS USUAL. I VISITED HER AND CHATTED WITH HER AS I WAS MAKING A FOUNTAIN BUSINESS AS I RAISED MY SON. I'LL NEVER FORGET THIS EXPERIENCE. I HAD SOME OF HER FRIENDS OVER FOR A SMALL BRUNCH DURING HER RECOVERY PERIOD. COOKING MAKES ME HAPPY. AND I'M ALSO A PEOPLE PERSON. I REALIZED THAT RAISING A CHILD WITHOUT ANY RELATIVES NEARBY IS A LONELY EXPERIENCE. SO I JOINED A MOM'S GROUP IN SEVERAL LOCATIONS AND JOINED A CHURCH. WE ALL HAD SIMILAR ISSUES TO DISCUSS.
SLAVEY INDIANS IN CANADA
THESE FOLK LIVE IN FORT NELSON IN THE NORTHEAST CORNER OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. THEY HAVE MANY DEPARTMENTS. THEY SPEAK DENI THA, AN ATHABASKAN LANGUAGE. ABOUT 2500 PEOPLE SPEAK THIS LANGUAGE. THEY LIVE IN A BOREAL FOREST OF THE SUBARCTIC. THEY HAVE MANY LAKES. THEY ARE CULTURALLY RELATED TO THE HARE, GUNRICHIN, IN DOGRIB. THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS SAY THEY HAVE BEEN HERE FOR AT LEAST 3000 B.C., OR 5000 YEARS. THEY USED TO FISH A LOT, HUNT SMALL GAME, MOOSE, CARIBOU, AND GATHER BERRIES. IN WINTER THEY CAMPED IN GROUPS OF 30 RELATED FOLKS. DURING SUMMER THEY ALL CAME TOGETHER BRIEFLY WITH 300 FOLKS.
BY 1789 MACKENZIE WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO MEET THEM. AFTER 1821 HUDSON BAY COMPANY DEVELOPED FORT SIMPSON. THEY LIVED IN SMALL KIN BASED COMMUNITIES. THEY SPOKE THEIR OWN LANGUAGE, HARVESTED TRADITIONAL FOODS.
THEY NOW HAVE A WEBSITE WITH TRADITIONAL USE AREA AND A COMMUNITY OF ARTISTS. THE DENEARE KNOWN AS THE SLAVEY, THE NORTHERNMOST TRIBE IN ALBERTA. THE NAME SLAVEY WAS DEROGATORY BY THEIR ENEMIES THE CREE. THEY HAD SMALL BANDS WITH NO LEADERSHIP. THEY WERE A PEACEFUL PEOPLE AND HAD A REPUTATION OF BEING POWERFUL SORCERERS. THEY WORE DECORATIVE CLOTHING, WERE PEACEFUL, AND HAD FEW ENEMIES. THEY USED PORCUPINE QUILLS TO DECORATE CLOTHING. THE WOMEN ARE RENOWNED FOR THEIR BEAUTIFUL BEADWORK.
WAYBACKARCHIVEIT.ORG
BY 1789 MACKENZIE WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN TO MEET THEM. AFTER 1821 HUDSON BAY COMPANY DEVELOPED FORT SIMPSON. THEY LIVED IN SMALL KIN BASED COMMUNITIES. THEY SPOKE THEIR OWN LANGUAGE, HARVESTED TRADITIONAL FOODS.
THEY NOW HAVE A WEBSITE WITH TRADITIONAL USE AREA AND A COMMUNITY OF ARTISTS. THE DENEARE KNOWN AS THE SLAVEY, THE NORTHERNMOST TRIBE IN ALBERTA. THE NAME SLAVEY WAS DEROGATORY BY THEIR ENEMIES THE CREE. THEY HAD SMALL BANDS WITH NO LEADERSHIP. THEY WERE A PEACEFUL PEOPLE AND HAD A REPUTATION OF BEING POWERFUL SORCERERS. THEY WORE DECORATIVE CLOTHING, WERE PEACEFUL, AND HAD FEW ENEMIES. THEY USED PORCUPINE QUILLS TO DECORATE CLOTHING. THE WOMEN ARE RENOWNED FOR THEIR BEAUTIFUL BEADWORK.
WAYBACKARCHIVEIT.ORG
SARCEE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE IN CANADA
THIS TRIBE IS A VIABLE TRIBE WITH TRAGEDIES AND STRUGGLES AND TRAGEDIES. THE SARCEE ARE AN ATHABASKAN OR DENE TRIBE AND MEANS "BOLDNESS OR HARDINESS. THEY CALL THEMSELVES "TSUUTINA" OR MANY PEOPLE. AFTER THE TREATY OF 1877 THE SARCEE MOVED TO THEIR PRESENT RESERVATION.
ACCORDING TO A LEGEND THEY SPLIT WITH THE NORTHERN TRIBES. PROBABLY THE BEAVER MOVED TO THE PLAINS WHEN THEY ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE BLACKFOOT, CREE, AND STONY TRIBES. THEY HAVE ATTAINED THEIR LANGUAGE. IN 1857 THEIR POPULATION WAS ABOUT 1400. IN THE 1830'S SMALLPOX, SCARLET FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES, AS WELL AS WAR REDUCED THEM TO TO 450. HOWEVER, THEY INCREASED TO 1990. EACH BAND CAMPED IN TIPIS AND HUNTED DURING THE WINTER. DURING THE SUMMER ALL BANDS MET TO HUNT BUFFALO, COLLECT BERRIES, AND HAVE FESTIVALS AND DANCES. THEY BELIEVED THEY HAD A SUPERNATURAL POWER ATTAINED THROUGH A DREAM, AND IT WAS ENSHRINED IN A MEDICINAL OBJECT OR TIPI PAINTING. THE QUEST FOR SUPERNATURAL POWER WAS HIGHLY VALUED.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
ACCORDING TO A LEGEND THEY SPLIT WITH THE NORTHERN TRIBES. PROBABLY THE BEAVER MOVED TO THE PLAINS WHEN THEY ARE IN CONTACT WITH THE BLACKFOOT, CREE, AND STONY TRIBES. THEY HAVE ATTAINED THEIR LANGUAGE. IN 1857 THEIR POPULATION WAS ABOUT 1400. IN THE 1830'S SMALLPOX, SCARLET FEVER AND OTHER DISEASES, AS WELL AS WAR REDUCED THEM TO TO 450. HOWEVER, THEY INCREASED TO 1990. EACH BAND CAMPED IN TIPIS AND HUNTED DURING THE WINTER. DURING THE SUMMER ALL BANDS MET TO HUNT BUFFALO, COLLECT BERRIES, AND HAVE FESTIVALS AND DANCES. THEY BELIEVED THEY HAD A SUPERNATURAL POWER ATTAINED THROUGH A DREAM, AND IT WAS ENSHRINED IN A MEDICINAL OBJECT OR TIPI PAINTING. THE QUEST FOR SUPERNATURAL POWER WAS HIGHLY VALUED.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
CREE INDIANS IN CANADA - PART 2
THE MOTHERS MADE CRADLEBOARDS SO THEY COULD HAVE FREEDOM WITH THEIR HANDS. MEN WERE HUNTERS AND FISHERS AND WENT TO WAR TO PROTECT THEIE CHILDREN . THE WOMEN CARED FOR THE FAMILY , BUILT THE HOUSES, GATHERED PLANTS AND MEDICINALS. BOTH DID STORYTELLING, ART, AND MUSIC, AND FESTIVALS. IN THE PAST THE CHIEF WAS ALWAYS A MAN. TODAY A WOMAN CAN ALSO BE ONE. THEY MADE CLOTHING FROM DEERSKIN WHEN COLD. MEN WORE BREECHCLOTHES WHEN WARM. THEY LATER WORE ANGLO CLOTHES WITH BEADWORK, EMBROIDERY, AND RIBBON FOR COSTUMES.
THEY WORE FUR AND LEATHER CAPS WITH FEATHERS. THE CHIEFS WORE LONG FEATHER HEADRESSES. BOTH SEXES WORE THEIR HAIR IN LONG BRAIDS AND PAINTED THEIR FACES FOR CEREMONIES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. THEY MADE MOCCASINS.
THEY BUILT BIRCHBARK CANOES THAT THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR. AFTER ANGLOS CAME THEY BUILT THEM WITH CANVAS. IT IS STILL POPULAR TODAY. THEY USE DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS FOR SLEDS FOR WINTER TRAVEL. THEY ALSO MAKE AND WEAR SNOWSHOES.
THEIR FOOD WAS PRIMARILY CARIBOU WHO CAUGHT CARIBOU, ELK, MOOSE, AND SMALL GAME. THE PLAINS CREE HUNTED BUFFALO. THE EASTERN CREE FISHED AND HUNTED SEALS WITH CANOES.
WHEN HUNTING BUFFALO THEY USED CONTROLLED FIRES AND HERDED THEM OVER A CLIFF. THEY MADE A FLUTE-LIKE SOUND TO LEER HE MOOSE. THEIR ARTS AND CRAFTS ARE LIKE QUILLING CRAFTS, WOOD CARVING, AND COLORFUL BEADWORK. THEY MADE WAMPUM BEADS AS A CURRENCY BUT THEY WERE A KIND OF CURRENCY. THE DESIGNS TOLD A STORY ON THEIR BELTS. THEIR SPIRITUALITY WAS COMPLEX.
HERE IS A MYTH THAT IS CALLED "COYOTE CREATES THE EARTH". WHEN THERE WAS NO EARTH,ONLY WATER, COYOTE WAS FLOATING ON A SMALL RAFT WHEN HE MET DUCKS. THEY WERE THE ONLY OTHER CREATURES. HE SAID NO ONE ELSE WAS THERE EXCEPT HIS BRTHERS. YOU MUST GET US SOME EARTH TO MAKE THINGS RIGHT. COYOTE SAID TO RED MALLARD - DIVE BENEATH THE WATER TO BRING UP SOME EARTH. WE NEED IT FOR LIVING. HE DOVE DOWN AND REMAINED THERE WITHOUT BRINGING UP ANY EARTH, COYOTE ASKED THE PINTO DUCK TO DO THE SAME THING. HE DOVE UNDER THE WATER AND DID NOT BRING UP EARTH.
GREBE SPOKE UP AND AND SAID YOU SHOULD HAVE ASKED ME TO GO BEFORE YOU. HE TOOK HIS TURN DIVING. AFTER SOME TIME HE CAME UP WITH SOME LITTLE DIRT. COYOTE SAID "TO EVERY UNDERTAKING THERE ARE FOUR TRIAL. YOU HAVE ACHIEVED IT. THEN HE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID I WILL TAKE THIS INTO THE EARTH. YOU WILL LIVE ON THE STREAMS AND BUILD YOUR NESTS. I AM GOING TO BUILD THE EARTH. COYOTE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID PLENTY OF ROOM. AS HE TRAVELED ALONG THE SPREAD AND THE MUD HE MADE THE EARTH. HE TRAAVELED FOR A LONG TIME. WHEN HE FINISHED HE SAID,"NOW WE HAVE THE EARTH, THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WANT TO BE HERE". THEY HEARD WOLF HOWLING ..THERE HE IS. COYOTE POINTED TO THE SUN AND SAID LISTEN, THERE IS ANOTHER ONE OUT THERE NOW. "THAT COYOTE HAS ATTAINED LIFE BY HIS OWN POWERS", COYOTE SAID. THEN THEY WENT FOR A WALK ON THE PLAINS THEY SAW SOME SHINING OBJECTS. THEY SAW THEY WERE MEDICINE STONE.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY WORE FUR AND LEATHER CAPS WITH FEATHERS. THE CHIEFS WORE LONG FEATHER HEADRESSES. BOTH SEXES WORE THEIR HAIR IN LONG BRAIDS AND PAINTED THEIR FACES FOR CEREMONIES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. THEY MADE MOCCASINS.
THEY BUILT BIRCHBARK CANOES THAT THEY WERE WELL KNOWN FOR. AFTER ANGLOS CAME THEY BUILT THEM WITH CANVAS. IT IS STILL POPULAR TODAY. THEY USE DOGS FOR PACK ANIMALS FOR SLEDS FOR WINTER TRAVEL. THEY ALSO MAKE AND WEAR SNOWSHOES.
THEIR FOOD WAS PRIMARILY CARIBOU WHO CAUGHT CARIBOU, ELK, MOOSE, AND SMALL GAME. THE PLAINS CREE HUNTED BUFFALO. THE EASTERN CREE FISHED AND HUNTED SEALS WITH CANOES.
WHEN HUNTING BUFFALO THEY USED CONTROLLED FIRES AND HERDED THEM OVER A CLIFF. THEY MADE A FLUTE-LIKE SOUND TO LEER HE MOOSE. THEIR ARTS AND CRAFTS ARE LIKE QUILLING CRAFTS, WOOD CARVING, AND COLORFUL BEADWORK. THEY MADE WAMPUM BEADS AS A CURRENCY BUT THEY WERE A KIND OF CURRENCY. THE DESIGNS TOLD A STORY ON THEIR BELTS. THEIR SPIRITUALITY WAS COMPLEX.
HERE IS A MYTH THAT IS CALLED "COYOTE CREATES THE EARTH". WHEN THERE WAS NO EARTH,ONLY WATER, COYOTE WAS FLOATING ON A SMALL RAFT WHEN HE MET DUCKS. THEY WERE THE ONLY OTHER CREATURES. HE SAID NO ONE ELSE WAS THERE EXCEPT HIS BRTHERS. YOU MUST GET US SOME EARTH TO MAKE THINGS RIGHT. COYOTE SAID TO RED MALLARD - DIVE BENEATH THE WATER TO BRING UP SOME EARTH. WE NEED IT FOR LIVING. HE DOVE DOWN AND REMAINED THERE WITHOUT BRINGING UP ANY EARTH, COYOTE ASKED THE PINTO DUCK TO DO THE SAME THING. HE DOVE UNDER THE WATER AND DID NOT BRING UP EARTH.
GREBE SPOKE UP AND AND SAID YOU SHOULD HAVE ASKED ME TO GO BEFORE YOU. HE TOOK HIS TURN DIVING. AFTER SOME TIME HE CAME UP WITH SOME LITTLE DIRT. COYOTE SAID "TO EVERY UNDERTAKING THERE ARE FOUR TRIAL. YOU HAVE ACHIEVED IT. THEN HE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID I WILL TAKE THIS INTO THE EARTH. YOU WILL LIVE ON THE STREAMS AND BUILD YOUR NESTS. I AM GOING TO BUILD THE EARTH. COYOTE TOOK THE MUD AND SAID PLENTY OF ROOM. AS HE TRAVELED ALONG THE SPREAD AND THE MUD HE MADE THE EARTH. HE TRAAVELED FOR A LONG TIME. WHEN HE FINISHED HE SAID,"NOW WE HAVE THE EARTH, THERE ARE SOME THINGS THAT WANT TO BE HERE". THEY HEARD WOLF HOWLING ..THERE HE IS. COYOTE POINTED TO THE SUN AND SAID LISTEN, THERE IS ANOTHER ONE OUT THERE NOW. "THAT COYOTE HAS ATTAINED LIFE BY HIS OWN POWERS", COYOTE SAID. THEN THEY WENT FOR A WALK ON THE PLAINS THEY SAW SOME SHINING OBJECTS. THEY SAW THEY WERE MEDICINE STONE.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
CREE INDIANS IN CANADA
CREE INDIANS SPEAK ALGONQUIAN LANGUAGE AND THERE ARE 45,000 PEOPLE IN SOUTHERN CANADA AND INTO MONTANA. THEY HAVE 5 MAJOR DIALECTS,SOME ARE CLOSE TO THE INNU LANGUAGE. THE CREE UNDERSTAND THE PEOPLE CLOSE TO THEM BUT NOT FURTHER AWAY. THE CREE LANGUAGE HAS THE BEST SURVIVAL CANADIAN LANGUAGES. THEY ARE ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL OF AMERICAN INDIANS. MOST OF THEIR CHILDREN ARE RAISED BILINGUALLY IN CREE AND ENGLISH OR FRENCH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE.
THE CREE ARE THE LARGEST AND NATIVE GROUP IN CANADA WITH 200,000 MEMBERS AND SELF GOVERNED NATIONS. CREE COMES FROM FRENCH NAME FOR TRIBE 'KRISTENAUX AND AN ALGONQUIN WORD MEANING "FIRST PEOPLE". THEY ARE ALSO MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE KNOWN AS METIS OR MIXED BLOOD OF CREE, FRENCH, AND CANADIAN ANCESTRY. THE MANY CREE REGARD THE METIS AS THEIR BRETHREN AND INDEED THEY SPEAK THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. THE ATIKEMENK AND IMMU ARE RELATED CREE BUT CONSIDER THEMSELVES DISTINCT.
CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. THEIR COMMON CULTURE AND LANGUAGE BINDS THEM TOGETHER AS A PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE WEATHERED ANGLO DISEASES WELL AS THEIR NAME NUMBERS AND BROAD RANGE HELPED TO KEEP THE DISEASES FROM SPREADING TOO MUCH. THEY PRACTICED INTERTRIBAL MARRIAGES.
THE ENGLISH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS WHILE LANDS WHILE THE FRENCH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS AND ENGULF THEM. THE FRENCH AND CREE GOT ALONG WELL. THE CREE HAVE THE SAME PROBLEMS AS MOST NATIVE AMERICANS DO - SELF DETERMINATION AND LAND CONTROL. BUT THEY ARE BETTER MAINTAINED TO FACE THEIR PROBLEMS.
TODAY THERE ARE 200,000 CREE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITIES OF CANADA AND THE NORTHERN U.S. ALSO THERE ARE 100,000 METIS IN CANADA. THE PLAINS AND WOODLAND CREE ARE THE SAME. EACH CREE COMMUNITY HAS IT'S OWN RESERVE. INDIAN LANDS ARE CALLED FIRST NATIONS. THEIR POLITICAL LEADER IS CALLED A CHIEF WHO CAN BE EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN. THE CREE SPEAK ENGLISH OR FRENCH AND SOME SPEAK CREE. IT IS A MUSICAL LANGUAGE. THE CHILDREN LEARNED FROM THE PAST BY WATCHING THEIR PARENTS. THEY HAD TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE. THE KIDS HAD MORE CHORES THAN TODAY. THE BOYS PLAYED LA CROSS.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THE CREE ARE THE LARGEST AND NATIVE GROUP IN CANADA WITH 200,000 MEMBERS AND SELF GOVERNED NATIONS. CREE COMES FROM FRENCH NAME FOR TRIBE 'KRISTENAUX AND AN ALGONQUIN WORD MEANING "FIRST PEOPLE". THEY ARE ALSO MORE THAN 100,000 PEOPLE KNOWN AS METIS OR MIXED BLOOD OF CREE, FRENCH, AND CANADIAN ANCESTRY. THE MANY CREE REGARD THE METIS AS THEIR BRETHREN AND INDEED THEY SPEAK THEIR OWN LANGUAGE. THE ATIKEMENK AND IMMU ARE RELATED CREE BUT CONSIDER THEMSELVES DISTINCT.
CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. CREE HISTORY IS VERY HARD TO SUMMARIZE BECAUSE THE CREE TRIBE SPANS SPANS A BROAD TERRITORY ACROSS THE EAST. THEIR COMMON CULTURE AND LANGUAGE BINDS THEM TOGETHER AS A PEOPLE. THE PEOPLE WEATHERED ANGLO DISEASES WELL AS THEIR NAME NUMBERS AND BROAD RANGE HELPED TO KEEP THE DISEASES FROM SPREADING TOO MUCH. THEY PRACTICED INTERTRIBAL MARRIAGES.
THE ENGLISH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS WHILE LANDS WHILE THE FRENCH TRIED TO MOVE GROUPS FURTHER FROM THEIR LANDS AND ENGULF THEM. THE FRENCH AND CREE GOT ALONG WELL. THE CREE HAVE THE SAME PROBLEMS AS MOST NATIVE AMERICANS DO - SELF DETERMINATION AND LAND CONTROL. BUT THEY ARE BETTER MAINTAINED TO FACE THEIR PROBLEMS.
TODAY THERE ARE 200,000 CREE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE COMMUNITIES OF CANADA AND THE NORTHERN U.S. ALSO THERE ARE 100,000 METIS IN CANADA. THE PLAINS AND WOODLAND CREE ARE THE SAME. EACH CREE COMMUNITY HAS IT'S OWN RESERVE. INDIAN LANDS ARE CALLED FIRST NATIONS. THEIR POLITICAL LEADER IS CALLED A CHIEF WHO CAN BE EITHER A MAN OR A WOMAN. THE CREE SPEAK ENGLISH OR FRENCH AND SOME SPEAK CREE. IT IS A MUSICAL LANGUAGE. THE CHILDREN LEARNED FROM THE PAST BY WATCHING THEIR PARENTS. THEY HAD TO HELP AROUND THE HOUSE. THE KIDS HAD MORE CHORES THAN TODAY. THE BOYS PLAYED LA CROSS.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
CHIPEWYAN INDIANS IN CANADA
CHIPEWYAN IS AN ATHABASKAN LANGUAGE OF NORTHERN CANADA, MANY PEOPLE HERE ARE BILINGUAL IN CHIPEWYAN AND CREE. ABOUT 400 NATIVE PEOPLE SPEAK CHIPEWYAN IN CANADA.
THEY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FUR TRADE, THEY HAVE FEW PLACE NAMES OF THE 17 TRIBES LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN. TWELVE COMMEMORATE THE TRIBE BUT APPEAR TO COME INTO USE BECAUSE OF THE CREE.
EIGHT NAMES ARE LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN ONLY BECAUSE THE FORT CHIPEWYAN BAND AROUND LAKE ATHABASCAN HAS 8 SEPARATE BODIES OF RESERVATION LAND. MOST ARE LESS THAN 55 ACRES. TWO NAMES COMMEMORATE A CHIPEWYAN PERSON - PICHE LAKE AND SAINT PICHE RIVER. THESE FEATURES ARE NAMED AFTER A CHIPEWYAN PERSON WHO LIVED AT HEART LAKE RESERVATION. THEY SHOULD HAVE MORE PLACE NAMES THAN THEY DO. WE HAVE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR ORIGIN.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE FUR TRADE, THEY HAVE FEW PLACE NAMES OF THE 17 TRIBES LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN. TWELVE COMMEMORATE THE TRIBE BUT APPEAR TO COME INTO USE BECAUSE OF THE CREE.
EIGHT NAMES ARE LINKED TO CHIPEWYAN ONLY BECAUSE THE FORT CHIPEWYAN BAND AROUND LAKE ATHABASCAN HAS 8 SEPARATE BODIES OF RESERVATION LAND. MOST ARE LESS THAN 55 ACRES. TWO NAMES COMMEMORATE A CHIPEWYAN PERSON - PICHE LAKE AND SAINT PICHE RIVER. THESE FEATURES ARE NAMED AFTER A CHIPEWYAN PERSON WHO LIVED AT HEART LAKE RESERVATION. THEY SHOULD HAVE MORE PLACE NAMES THAN THEY DO. WE HAVE LITTLE INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR ORIGIN.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
BEAVER INDIANS IN CANADA - PART 2
THE MOTHER'S BROTHER MIGHT TAKE A STRONG ROLE IN A BOY'S TRAINING WHILE GIRL'S LOOKED TO THEIR GRANDMOTHER'S FOR INSTRUCTION. KINSHIP NETWORKS CONTINUE TO BE IMPOSSIBLE FOR SOCIAL PURPOSES AND ARE SUPPLEMENTAL WITH FORMAL EDUCATION IN SCHOOL.
IN 19TH CENTURY THE MISSION SCHOOLS WERE INTENDED FOR THE CHILDREN OF TRADERS AND ORPHANS, LATER CATHOLICS AND OTHER FOLKS OPERATED RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS0 FOR NATIVE POPULATIONS. MANY KIDS WERE TAKEN LONG DISTANCES FROM THEIR HOMES AND CONFINED FOR YEARS WITHOUT USING TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
UP UNTIL THE 70'S THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED THE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS WHEN THEY WERE CLOSED AND NATIVES ATTENDED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE TERRITORIAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF NA DENE STUDENTS IS BELOW THE NATIONAL NORMS.
THE 'T SET SAUT' IS A SMALL GROUP OF FOLKS ORIGINALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF THE TAHLTAN IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA. SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN NA DENE LANGUAGES HAVE NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE. ENGLISH IS IN SCHOOLS, NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND SOME SECONDARY AND COLLEGE LEVELS. THE ONLY COMMUNITIES WHERE CHILDREN ARE FLUENT ARE THOSE WHERE THE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS STILL SPOKEN OF. THERE IS A SLOW RATE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE LITERACY. MANY MISSIONARIES USED NATIVE LANGUAGES IN THE CHURCH SERVICES.
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES HAS DECLARED THE 5 ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES TO BE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ON AN EQUAL STANDING WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
THE TREND TOWARD THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF ENGLISH HAS NOT BEEN REVERSED. THE DOMINANCE OF ENGLISH AND OPPORTUNITY FOR EMPLOYMENT IS USED TO HAVE ALL CONSPIRED TO WEAKEN THE NATURAL LANGUAGE. THEIR RELIGION IF THE NADENE BEAVER INDIANS RECOGNIZE OR SPIRITS OF NATURAL FORCES, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND FORMS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS. THEIR RELIGIOUS LEADERS INSURED THAT ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF FOOD, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS WOULD BE AVAILABLE. THE SPIRIT OF POWERS WERE WERE DIRECTED TO THE INJURED OR SICK. SOME NA DENE BELIEVED IN REINCARNATION.
TODAY THEY HAVE REVERENCE FOR THE LAND AND NATURAL WORLD EVEN IF THEY DO NOT MAKE OFFERINGS TO THE SPIRITS. NATIVE SPIRITUAL LEADERS SUCH AS SLAVE DOGRIB PRACTICE TRADITIONAL HEALING FORMS. SOME NA DENE ACCEPT CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. IN 1844 A MUSEUM WAS ESTABLISHED FOR THE BEAVER TRIBES. THEY STILL ORGANIZE POTLATCHES AND ARE REGULAR CHURCH GOERS.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
IN 19TH CENTURY THE MISSION SCHOOLS WERE INTENDED FOR THE CHILDREN OF TRADERS AND ORPHANS, LATER CATHOLICS AND OTHER FOLKS OPERATED RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS0 FOR NATIVE POPULATIONS. MANY KIDS WERE TAKEN LONG DISTANCES FROM THEIR HOMES AND CONFINED FOR YEARS WITHOUT USING TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES.
UP UNTIL THE 70'S THE GOVERNMENT SUPPORTED THE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS WHEN THEY WERE CLOSED AND NATIVES ATTENDED PUBLIC SCHOOLS. PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE ADMINISTERED BY THE TERRITORIAL DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION. THE LEVEL OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF NA DENE STUDENTS IS BELOW THE NATIONAL NORMS.
THE 'T SET SAUT' IS A SMALL GROUP OF FOLKS ORIGINALLY LOCATED SOUTH OF THE TAHLTAN IN NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA. SCHOOL PROGRAMS IN NA DENE LANGUAGES HAVE NOT BEEN EFFECTIVE. ENGLISH IS IN SCHOOLS, NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND SOME SECONDARY AND COLLEGE LEVELS. THE ONLY COMMUNITIES WHERE CHILDREN ARE FLUENT ARE THOSE WHERE THE NATIVE LANGUAGE IS STILL SPOKEN OF. THERE IS A SLOW RATE OF NATIVE LANGUAGE LITERACY. MANY MISSIONARIES USED NATIVE LANGUAGES IN THE CHURCH SERVICES.
THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES HAS DECLARED THE 5 ATHAPASKAN LANGUAGES TO BE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ON AN EQUAL STANDING WITH ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
THE TREND TOWARD THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF ENGLISH HAS NOT BEEN REVERSED. THE DOMINANCE OF ENGLISH AND OPPORTUNITY FOR EMPLOYMENT IS USED TO HAVE ALL CONSPIRED TO WEAKEN THE NATURAL LANGUAGE. THEIR RELIGION IF THE NADENE BEAVER INDIANS RECOGNIZE OR SPIRITS OF NATURAL FORCES, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND FORMS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS. THEIR RELIGIOUS LEADERS INSURED THAT ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF FOOD, ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND INANIMATE OBJECTS WOULD BE AVAILABLE. THE SPIRIT OF POWERS WERE WERE DIRECTED TO THE INJURED OR SICK. SOME NA DENE BELIEVED IN REINCARNATION.
TODAY THEY HAVE REVERENCE FOR THE LAND AND NATURAL WORLD EVEN IF THEY DO NOT MAKE OFFERINGS TO THE SPIRITS. NATIVE SPIRITUAL LEADERS SUCH AS SLAVE DOGRIB PRACTICE TRADITIONAL HEALING FORMS. SOME NA DENE ACCEPT CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE OF THE IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL. IN 1844 A MUSEUM WAS ESTABLISHED FOR THE BEAVER TRIBES. THEY STILL ORGANIZE POTLATCHES AND ARE REGULAR CHURCH GOERS.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
Monday, October 24, 2011
BEAVER INDIANS IN CANADA
BEAVER NATION IS KNOWN AS THE DENNE-ZA OR DWELLERS AMONG THE BEAVERS. AS COUSINS TO THE SLAVERY AND CHPEWYAN. THEY ALL SPEAK ATHAPASKAN ROOTED LANGUAGES. THEY ORIGINALLY INHABITED A VAST TERRITORY BETWEEN THE PRESENT DAY BORDER AND PEACE RIVER. THE CREE DROVE THEM WEST AS THEY HAD GUNS FROM THE ANGLOS. THE BEAVER BEGAN TO HUNT GAME THROUGHOUT PEACE RIVER AND THE TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. THEY WERE KNOWN AS EXCEPTIONAL HUNTERS AND PEACEFUL. THEY LIVED IN SMALL FAMILY BANDS OF 1000. BY 1800 THEY WERE REDUCED TO 500 DUE TO DISEASE SUCH AS SMALLPOX, MEASLES, ETC.
THEY FINALLY SIGNED THE TREATY IN 1900. THEIR NEIGHBORS ARE THE ATHAPASKAN SEKANI AND THE CREE. TRADING POSTS WERE ESTABLISHED ALONG THE PEACE RIVER IN 1790'S. MANY ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES CONVERTED SOME BEAVER FOLKS. THEY WERE NOMADIC HUNTERS AND GATHERES. BEAVERS WERE THEIR IMPORTANT GAME AND WERE THEIR FUR TRADE ITEM. WAGE LABOR COMPETES WITH HUNTING AND TRAPPING AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME.
MANY OF THE KIDS DROP OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL OR JUNIOR HIGH BECAUSE OFTHE DIFFICULTY WITH THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
THEY FINALLY SIGNED THE TREATY IN 1900. THEIR NEIGHBORS ARE THE ATHAPASKAN SEKANI AND THE CREE. TRADING POSTS WERE ESTABLISHED ALONG THE PEACE RIVER IN 1790'S. MANY ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONARIES CONVERTED SOME BEAVER FOLKS. THEY WERE NOMADIC HUNTERS AND GATHERES. BEAVERS WERE THEIR IMPORTANT GAME AND WERE THEIR FUR TRADE ITEM. WAGE LABOR COMPETES WITH HUNTING AND TRAPPING AS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME.
MANY OF THE KIDS DROP OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL OR JUNIOR HIGH BECAUSE OFTHE DIFFICULTY WITH THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
WAYBACKARCHIVE.ORG
NASKAPI INDIANS IN CANADA
NASKAPI IS AN ALGONQIAN LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY ABOUT 800 FOLKSIN EASTERN CANADA. THE NESKAPIAND MONTAGNAIS ARE ACTUALLY PART OF SOME INDIAN NATIONS. NASKAPI IS SPOKEN BY INNU COMMUNITIES IN QUEBEC AND LABRADOR. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS 'INTERIOR PEOPLE'. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME INDIAN NATION. THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS INTERIOR PEOPLE. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME TRIBE, THE INNU, THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC TODAY, OF WHOM 800 ARE NASKAPI.
EARLY INNU RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS WERE FRIENDLY. THE INNU TRADED FURS WITH FRENCH AND ALLIED AGAINST THE IROQOUIS CONDERACY. THE EUROPEANS DEFEATED THE FRENCH, INNU, AND ALGONQUIAN AND BETWEEN WAR AND DISEASES THEY WERE DECIMATED. THE SURVIVORS SETTLED IN VILLAGES BY WELL INTENDED EUROPEANS. TODAYTHE INUIT AND THEIR NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE TO REGAIN CONTROL OF LAND.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
NASKAPI MEANS 'INTERIOR PEOPLE'. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME INDIAN NATION. THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC. EVERY CHILD IS FLUENT IN THEIR TRADITIONAL TONGUE.
NASKAPI MEANS INTERIOR PEOPLE. BOTH MONTAGNAIS AND NASKAPI WERE ACTUALLY MEMBERS OF THE SAME TRIBE, THE INNU, THERE ARE ABOUT 14,000 INNU IN LABRADOR AND QUEBEC TODAY, OF WHOM 800 ARE NASKAPI.
EARLY INNU RELATIONS WITH EUROPEANS WERE FRIENDLY. THE INNU TRADED FURS WITH FRENCH AND ALLIED AGAINST THE IROQOUIS CONDERACY. THE EUROPEANS DEFEATED THE FRENCH, INNU, AND ALGONQUIAN AND BETWEEN WAR AND DISEASES THEY WERE DECIMATED. THE SURVIVORS SETTLED IN VILLAGES BY WELL INTENDED EUROPEANS. TODAYTHE INUIT AND THEIR NEIGHBORS STRUGGLE TO REGAIN CONTROL OF LAND.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
HURON/ WYONDAT TRIBE
WYONDATS MEANS PENNISULA PEOPLE. SOME PEOPLE IN OKLAHOMA USE THE SPELLING WYANDOTTS. HURON WAS THE FRENCH NAME FOR WYONDAT, AND IT MEANS 'WILD BOAR'. THEIR LANGUAGE IS RELATED TO THE IROQUOIS. THEY WERE ENEMIES THOUGH. THEY ARE ORIGINAL RESIDENTS ORIGINAL RESIDENTS OF SAINT LAWRENCE VALLEY IN QUEBEC. MANY FLED TO OHIO AND MICHIGAN. OTHERS FLED TO OKLAHOMA TO KANSAS DURING INDIAN REMOVAL OF THE 1800'S.
THEY HAVE TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. ONE IN KANSAS AND ONE IN OKLAHOMA.EACH TRIBE HAS LAND THAT IS MOSTLY FOLKS WHO SPEAK ENGLISH. IN CANADA THE HURONS SPEAK FRENCH. THE LAST FLUENT HURON WYANDOT SPEAKER DIED IN THE 1960'S. SOME ELDERS REMEMBER THEIR LANGUAGE.
THE KIDS GO TO SCHOOL AND HELP THEIR PARENTS AND THEY HELPED IN HUNTING AND FISHING. IN THE PAST THEY HAD MORE CHORES. THE TEENS PLAYED LA CROSS. THE MOTHER'S MADE CRADLEBOARDS AND CARRIED THE BABIES ON THEIR BACKS TO HAVE THEIR HANDS FREE. THE MEN HUNTED, WERE WARRIORS, AND DIPLOMATS. THE WOMEN WERE IN CHARGE OF FARMING, PROPERTY, AND THE FAMILY. THE MEN AND WOMEN HAD EQUAL DIVISIONS OF POWER. MEN MADE POLITICAL DECISIONS, FOR THE CLANS. TODAY WOMEN CAN BE COUNCIL MEMBERS ALSO .
THE HOMES THEY MADE FROM WOOD POLES COVERED WITH SHEETS OF BARK. EACH HOUSE WAS 150 FEET LONG. UP TO 60 PEOPLE LIVE IN A CLAN AND COULD LIVE IN LARGER HOUSES. THE VILLAGES WERE PALLISADED FOR PROTECTION. TODAY LONGHOUSES ARE BUILT FOR CEREMONIAL PURPOSES ONLY.
IN THE PAST THEY WORE DEERSKIN LEGGINGS AND BREECHCLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE DEERSKIN DRESSES AND WRAPPED AROUND SKIRTS. WITH MOCCASINS. THEY DIDN'T WEAR LONG HEADDRESSES. THE WOMEN AND MEN USUALLY WORE THEIR HAIR LONG. SOME MEN SHAVED THEIR HAIR IN MOHAWK STYLE. MEN PAINTED THEIR FACES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. WOMEN DID NOT.
THEY USED TO MAKE BIRCH BARK CANOES TO TRAVEL IN. OVER LAND IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THEY USED DOGS AND PACK ANIMALS. THEY WERE FARMING PEOPLE. THE WOMEN HARVESTED CORN, BEANS, SQUASH, AND SUNFLOWERS. THE MEN HUNTED DEER, TURKEYS, SMALL GAME, AND FISHED.
THEIR ARRT INCLUDED POTTERY, WEAVING, BEADWORK, AND MAKING WAMPUM BELTS. THEY CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES HERE. ALMOST ALL THE EASTERN ALGONQUIAN TRIBES USED THEM AS TRADING MIDDLEMEN. THEY FOUGHT WITH THE POWERFUL IROQOUIS CONFEDERACY AND SENECA. STORY TELLING IS STILL VERY IMPORTANT TO THEIR CULTURE. THEIR SPIRITUALITY IS VERY COMPLEX. DURING THE 16TH CENTURY THERE WERE 16,000 FOLKS. HOWEVER, BY 2009 THERE WERE ONLY 3000 REGISTERED HURON IN CANADA.
BIG-ORRIN.ORG
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
THEY HAVE TWO COMMUNITIES IN THE U.S. ONE IN KANSAS AND ONE IN OKLAHOMA.EACH TRIBE HAS LAND THAT IS MOSTLY FOLKS WHO SPEAK ENGLISH. IN CANADA THE HURONS SPEAK FRENCH. THE LAST FLUENT HURON WYANDOT SPEAKER DIED IN THE 1960'S. SOME ELDERS REMEMBER THEIR LANGUAGE.
THE KIDS GO TO SCHOOL AND HELP THEIR PARENTS AND THEY HELPED IN HUNTING AND FISHING. IN THE PAST THEY HAD MORE CHORES. THE TEENS PLAYED LA CROSS. THE MOTHER'S MADE CRADLEBOARDS AND CARRIED THE BABIES ON THEIR BACKS TO HAVE THEIR HANDS FREE. THE MEN HUNTED, WERE WARRIORS, AND DIPLOMATS. THE WOMEN WERE IN CHARGE OF FARMING, PROPERTY, AND THE FAMILY. THE MEN AND WOMEN HAD EQUAL DIVISIONS OF POWER. MEN MADE POLITICAL DECISIONS, FOR THE CLANS. TODAY WOMEN CAN BE COUNCIL MEMBERS ALSO .
THE HOMES THEY MADE FROM WOOD POLES COVERED WITH SHEETS OF BARK. EACH HOUSE WAS 150 FEET LONG. UP TO 60 PEOPLE LIVE IN A CLAN AND COULD LIVE IN LARGER HOUSES. THE VILLAGES WERE PALLISADED FOR PROTECTION. TODAY LONGHOUSES ARE BUILT FOR CEREMONIAL PURPOSES ONLY.
IN THE PAST THEY WORE DEERSKIN LEGGINGS AND BREECHCLOTHS. THE WOMEN WORE DEERSKIN DRESSES AND WRAPPED AROUND SKIRTS. WITH MOCCASINS. THEY DIDN'T WEAR LONG HEADDRESSES. THE WOMEN AND MEN USUALLY WORE THEIR HAIR LONG. SOME MEN SHAVED THEIR HAIR IN MOHAWK STYLE. MEN PAINTED THEIR FACES AND WORE TRIBAL TATTOOS. WOMEN DID NOT.
THEY USED TO MAKE BIRCH BARK CANOES TO TRAVEL IN. OVER LAND IN PREHISTORIC TIMES THEY USED DOGS AND PACK ANIMALS. THEY WERE FARMING PEOPLE. THE WOMEN HARVESTED CORN, BEANS, SQUASH, AND SUNFLOWERS. THE MEN HUNTED DEER, TURKEYS, SMALL GAME, AND FISHED.
THEIR ARRT INCLUDED POTTERY, WEAVING, BEADWORK, AND MAKING WAMPUM BELTS. THEY CONTROLLED THE TRADE ROUTES HERE. ALMOST ALL THE EASTERN ALGONQUIAN TRIBES USED THEM AS TRADING MIDDLEMEN. THEY FOUGHT WITH THE POWERFUL IROQOUIS CONFEDERACY AND SENECA. STORY TELLING IS STILL VERY IMPORTANT TO THEIR CULTURE. THEIR SPIRITUALITY IS VERY COMPLEX. DURING THE 16TH CENTURY THERE WERE 16,000 FOLKS. HOWEVER, BY 2009 THERE WERE ONLY 3000 REGISTERED HURON IN CANADA.
BIG-ORRIN.ORG
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
Attikameku in Quebec
The Attikameku speak algonquian language that is similar to Cree. Their name means "white fish". Their language is similar to Cree. The tribe has 4000 to 5000 folks who speak this language. French is their second language of choice. They have three communities in Quebec.. The Attikameku are an allies with the Innu and adversaries of the Inuit. There are 5,000 folks on reservations today. They had little direct conflict with Europeans. They had little direct conflict with Europeans, and no conflict with them. From their allies the Innu they caught several diseases - smallpox and syphilis. The fur trade brought the Montagnais and French with Attikameku - in a war between the Innu and Iroquois. However, the Attikameku are affected from mercury poisoning from hydroelectric plants and contamination of the water supply. They are on their ancient land. They still practice their traditional culture and are on their ancient land.
They have many legends, myths, and mythological figures. One is Wisakejek who is a good cultural hero of the Attikameku and Cree tribes. It is pronounced wee zuh kay jock. Tickabis is a trickster figure, who has magic powers to protect him from harm.
Witiko is an evil man eating spirit folk like the better known Windigo. He is a monster and a boggyman.
Once Tickabis wanted to visit the sky. His sister said he should not, but he had his mind set on it. He climbed the highest tree. But once up there he saw sky above him. So he used his medicine and blew on a tree until it was twice as tall. He climbed to the top of it and still saw sky. Finally he used his medicine a fourth time and at the tree it was so tall he stepped off onto a road leading across the sky.
He was tired from all of this so he laid down to sleep. A loud noise woke him up. It sounded like something big was coming. All he could see was a big light getting brighter. It was the sun. "Get out of my way", said the sun. No you go around me said the Tickabis If I go around you, I'll set the tree on fire.. Tickabis just laughed. He said I don't intend to get up. So sun stepped over him. His clothes caught on fire and if it wasn't for his medicine. he would have been burned to death. He was naked, angry, and wanted revenge.
When he went home to his siter she asked what happened. The sun burned me, as i was minding my own business, He forgot about being a troublemaker. He said I'm going to get revenge on the sun. His sister said no, you'll cause more trouble. He didn't listen to her and he worked on making magic net, big enough to catch the sun. He went up the tree again and set a trap on the sun's path. When the sun came there, he was caught in the net and darkness covered the entire world.
Tickibis was happy, but his sister said nothing good will come of this. The darkness lasted aqnd lasted . People started to starve. No plants would grow and there was no light to hunt by. Everyone bothered him to let the sun go and he finally agreed. He brought several animals up the tree but they were all too big and they got burned. Finally he brought a little mouse which knawed through the rope and the sun escaped!
Native-languages.org
They have many legends, myths, and mythological figures. One is Wisakejek who is a good cultural hero of the Attikameku and Cree tribes. It is pronounced wee zuh kay jock. Tickabis is a trickster figure, who has magic powers to protect him from harm.
Witiko is an evil man eating spirit folk like the better known Windigo. He is a monster and a boggyman.
Once Tickabis wanted to visit the sky. His sister said he should not, but he had his mind set on it. He climbed the highest tree. But once up there he saw sky above him. So he used his medicine and blew on a tree until it was twice as tall. He climbed to the top of it and still saw sky. Finally he used his medicine a fourth time and at the tree it was so tall he stepped off onto a road leading across the sky.
He was tired from all of this so he laid down to sleep. A loud noise woke him up. It sounded like something big was coming. All he could see was a big light getting brighter. It was the sun. "Get out of my way", said the sun. No you go around me said the Tickabis If I go around you, I'll set the tree on fire.. Tickabis just laughed. He said I don't intend to get up. So sun stepped over him. His clothes caught on fire and if it wasn't for his medicine. he would have been burned to death. He was naked, angry, and wanted revenge.
When he went home to his siter she asked what happened. The sun burned me, as i was minding my own business, He forgot about being a troublemaker. He said I'm going to get revenge on the sun. His sister said no, you'll cause more trouble. He didn't listen to her and he worked on making magic net, big enough to catch the sun. He went up the tree again and set a trap on the sun's path. When the sun came there, he was caught in the net and darkness covered the entire world.
Tickibis was happy, but his sister said nothing good will come of this. The darkness lasted aqnd lasted . People started to starve. No plants would grow and there was no light to hunt by. Everyone bothered him to let the sun go and he finally agreed. He brought several animals up the tree but they were all too big and they got burned. Finally he brought a little mouse which knawed through the rope and the sun escaped!
Native-languages.org
Friday, October 21, 2011
A Concert at the Santa Rosa Junior College
Last night I watched and listened to a concert from teenagers. One Symphonic Band was directed by a conductor from Mario Carillo High School. This band has flutes, oboes, violins, clarinets, trumpet, horns, trombones, picola, saxaphones and percussion. I had heard at another concert before. This one had a theme 'Music for a Rainy Day'. One boy looked like my son whoknows how to play the trombone.
It was great to hear them again. They had about 46 members.
The SRJC symphonic Band has about 44 members who play flute, oboe, clarinet, piano, basson, trumpet, horns, tuba, euphonium,percussion, and various saxaphones. one of their tunes was in honor of the tragedy that occurred on 9/11/2001. another one was a vibrant cloudbursy song. Finally both bands combined and played a familiar tune "Ave Maria" and a sea song.
It was great to hear them again. They had about 46 members.
The SRJC symphonic Band has about 44 members who play flute, oboe, clarinet, piano, basson, trumpet, horns, tuba, euphonium,percussion, and various saxaphones. one of their tunes was in honor of the tragedy that occurred on 9/11/2001. another one was a vibrant cloudbursy song. Finally both bands combined and played a familiar tune "Ave Maria" and a sea song.
Thursday, October 20, 2011
Abenaki Indians in Canada
Abenaki- Penobscat speak Algonkian. It was once spoken by two related tribes. Today only a few speak the western Abenaki language. The last fluent speaker has about died. Some elders are working to revive it's use.This is a complex language. This tribe with the Maliseets , Passamaquoddys and the Micmaqs were members of the of old Wabanaki Confederacy. These allies spoke related related languages and Abnaki have the same Algonquin root. Today there are 12,000 Abnaki in New England, and Quebec, and 3000 in Maine.
Today 2000 Abenaki and Wabanaki live on two reserves in Quebec. They have 2000 people , and 10,000 Abenaki descendants are descendants are throughout New England. There are three bands of Abenaki in the U.S.
During the 1500's about 75% Native Americans in New England died of Anglo diseases. After these tragedies the survivors merged together. They retreated to Canada and never received federal recognition. They were originally from New England. They settled on the Odanak and Wolinak River after 1600's.
The Abenaki warrior was required to protect his family clan and band. The bulk of heavy work was done by the the women who foods, kept the household running and raised the children. Their farmed the corn, beans, squash. The men hunted, fished, cleared trees and built wigwams. They made birchbark canoes. They built towers. The warriors traveled long distances without resting, but ate ground cornmeal with strips of dried smoked meat. They gave the French meat and trapped and exchanged goods with them.
Special ceremonies would be likely for a marriage, a death, a planting, the Harvest, warfare, and trading. They kept their ceremonies with certain prayers for the gatherings - the Creator, Mother Earth, Father Sky, and the Four Directions and all our relations to bless the gatherings. They sing songs and dance various dances.
They lived a spherical lodge about 8 to 14" in diameter for healing and sweats. They built their lodges with poles covered with bark and buffalo hides. They also built a long house lodge to accommodate men on the eastern end and women on the western end. They had a division of labor based on a philosophy. The men hunted and fished. The women picked berries and nuts, gathered lily roots, wild rice, onions and garlic, mushrooms, nut, wild cabbage, and herbs. medicinal plants were yarrow, burdock, foxglove, catnip, and licorice.
They planted corn using a method called companion farming. The 3 sisters were planted on a big mound. All were harvested at the same time and were dried for winter. They also grew snow peas., cucumbers, and gourds.
The Indians had trout, turkey, salmon, clam chowder, cornbread, and turtle soups.
Native-languages.org
Today 2000 Abenaki and Wabanaki live on two reserves in Quebec. They have 2000 people , and 10,000 Abenaki descendants are descendants are throughout New England. There are three bands of Abenaki in the U.S.
During the 1500's about 75% Native Americans in New England died of Anglo diseases. After these tragedies the survivors merged together. They retreated to Canada and never received federal recognition. They were originally from New England. They settled on the Odanak and Wolinak River after 1600's.
The Abenaki warrior was required to protect his family clan and band. The bulk of heavy work was done by the the women who foods, kept the household running and raised the children. Their farmed the corn, beans, squash. The men hunted, fished, cleared trees and built wigwams. They made birchbark canoes. They built towers. The warriors traveled long distances without resting, but ate ground cornmeal with strips of dried smoked meat. They gave the French meat and trapped and exchanged goods with them.
Special ceremonies would be likely for a marriage, a death, a planting, the Harvest, warfare, and trading. They kept their ceremonies with certain prayers for the gatherings - the Creator, Mother Earth, Father Sky, and the Four Directions and all our relations to bless the gatherings. They sing songs and dance various dances.
They lived a spherical lodge about 8 to 14" in diameter for healing and sweats. They built their lodges with poles covered with bark and buffalo hides. They also built a long house lodge to accommodate men on the eastern end and women on the western end. They had a division of labor based on a philosophy. The men hunted and fished. The women picked berries and nuts, gathered lily roots, wild rice, onions and garlic, mushrooms, nut, wild cabbage, and herbs. medicinal plants were yarrow, burdock, foxglove, catnip, and licorice.
They planted corn using a method called companion farming. The 3 sisters were planted on a big mound. All were harvested at the same time and were dried for winter. They also grew snow peas., cucumbers, and gourds.
The Indians had trout, turkey, salmon, clam chowder, cornbread, and turtle soups.
Native-languages.org
Algonquians in Ontario
These folks call themselves "The People". Their language is related to Abenakis, Ojibway, the Pequot and others. The Algonkian language is the widest First Nation Language in the Americas. They were forced to settle in the Outaouais region: the Algonquins lived a nomadic life through fishing and hunting in nature. Before the anglos came here, they had a large system of trade between Algonquians and other nations. They had a large system of trade between Algonquins and other products for exchange for tabacco, corn, beans, and squash with the Iroquois. They traded with the Huron, and exchanged pelts, game for corn. and fishing nets. After the anglos came here they traded tools, utensils, and clothes.
During the 19th century, forest operations, reduced their hunting grounds with the Ottawa and Gationeau Rivers. This trend resulted in confiscation of what was left of their their trap lines. Many villages moved north.
The Algonquins became prosperous with acquiring fire arms and iron traps. Hunting was easierand fur trade brought them money. Their lifestyle changed. Their lifestyle changed. They wore fabric clothing vs pelts and fabric tents. They became dependant on trade with anglos.
Today 4500 of 7800 Algonquians live in nine communities in 9 communities in Ouitaouais and Abitibi regions. They Have health, education, social service and small businesses are operating in the construction, forestry, transport sectors among others. The band administers police under an agreement.
In 1980 their their council was founded to protect their interests. The Algonkian Association provides financial support and advice to the Algonquins for businesses.
Indianmarketing.com
During the 19th century, forest operations, reduced their hunting grounds with the Ottawa and Gationeau Rivers. This trend resulted in confiscation of what was left of their their trap lines. Many villages moved north.
The Algonquins became prosperous with acquiring fire arms and iron traps. Hunting was easierand fur trade brought them money. Their lifestyle changed. Their lifestyle changed. They wore fabric clothing vs pelts and fabric tents. They became dependant on trade with anglos.
Today 4500 of 7800 Algonquians live in nine communities in 9 communities in Ouitaouais and Abitibi regions. They Have health, education, social service and small businesses are operating in the construction, forestry, transport sectors among others. The band administers police under an agreement.
In 1980 their their council was founded to protect their interests. The Algonkian Association provides financial support and advice to the Algonquins for businesses.
Indianmarketing.com
Sonoma County Museum Lecture on a Coastal Bike Trip
Last week I went to a lecture and exhibit of old and new bicycles. Evelyn Gibb wrote a short book about her father's unusual bike trip in 1909 from Santa Rosa to the Yukon. He brought a good friend who he knew from grade school. They had little money but both were determined to make this trip work. It was after the 1906 earthquake and many schools had to close to undertake repair. Children helped their families rebuild communities. Evelyn was given information about this trip when she and her father had a couple of hours for several year when he was 87. There were no TVs. The first world's fair was in Seattle in 1909.
The boys had helped out in the hops fields here and got money to buy saddle bags for their old style bikes, headlamps, and cycloniper. They were 19 years old and encountered all types of problems - sickness, flat tubes, roads turned into dirt trails, no clear maps, they got hurt, had girl problems, rain, had to carry bikes in some places. They used railroad maps and tunnels which were dangerous. they would stop every so often to do jobs in hop fields to get some food and money. Whenever farmers saw them they invited them in for a meal. They had no tents, only a blanket and tarp. They carried a bilican or budda of clay which illustrated
'three things that ought to be'. They met the Igorot tribe from the Philippines in Washington state. In Oregon Greek immigrants invited them to dinner.
It took them 54 days to travel about 1000 miles. Oregon State University has published the book which was adapted into a stage play. It was an award wining book and she also wrote some stories in Chicken Soup for the Soul. In 2009 12 people reenacted this trip.
The Museum had an interesting exhibit about many varieties of historic bikes and described their component and how old they were. Charlie Cunningham wrote" I've seen mountain bike rides transform people not just their bodies, but their way of thinking-their spirit".
The boys had helped out in the hops fields here and got money to buy saddle bags for their old style bikes, headlamps, and cycloniper. They were 19 years old and encountered all types of problems - sickness, flat tubes, roads turned into dirt trails, no clear maps, they got hurt, had girl problems, rain, had to carry bikes in some places. They used railroad maps and tunnels which were dangerous. they would stop every so often to do jobs in hop fields to get some food and money. Whenever farmers saw them they invited them in for a meal. They had no tents, only a blanket and tarp. They carried a bilican or budda of clay which illustrated
'three things that ought to be'. They met the Igorot tribe from the Philippines in Washington state. In Oregon Greek immigrants invited them to dinner.
It took them 54 days to travel about 1000 miles. Oregon State University has published the book which was adapted into a stage play. It was an award wining book and she also wrote some stories in Chicken Soup for the Soul. In 2009 12 people reenacted this trip.
The Museum had an interesting exhibit about many varieties of historic bikes and described their component and how old they were. Charlie Cunningham wrote" I've seen mountain bike rides transform people not just their bodies, but their way of thinking-their spirit".
Homeshow Weekend of October 17
This weekend I went to a homeshow and discovered an artist' exhibition. They had all kinds of paintings, photography and various sculptures, and quilts. One indoor hall had various companies represented in kiosks. One lady demonstrated a new group of cookware. She gave us a free salad and good information pertaining to the use of teflon cookware. She said to throw it out as well as any iron skillets since they leave poisonous residuals. The cookware that she used did not require water or oil and cooks very fast and it outlasts any other cookware. She developed good rapport with the audience by asking them questions and opinions. She passed around the meat, potatoes,yams, broccoli and carrots that cooked for less than 1/2 hour. They were great without fat.
There were people speaking about air quality in your house, how to seal under your house so mold isn't a problem. Solar heating, wall insulation, solar light vents, kitchen remodels, jewelry, pet supplies, a nonprofit for helping African children, and various food vendors. I also met people from a restore outlet store where you can donate used materials or get recycled home improvement materials.It wasn't that crowded as people were watching a ball game that day. They also had some motor homes that I didn't have time to look at.
For the last three years there have been train shows here. One man sold Thomas the Tank trains which are getting more expensive. They had two main halls which were filled with children's toys, trains, and a clown. And the large main hall was filled with about eight model train exhibits! These were new to me. There even was a computerized miniature train with 10 cars that was operated by a small phone computer! the people here were both young and old. one exhibitor sold drawings of trains. Most just exhibited various landscapes. One model railroad had an outdoor theatre which apparently worked at one time. Most others just exhibited various landscapes and sold tracks, cars, and plants.
There were people speaking about air quality in your house, how to seal under your house so mold isn't a problem. Solar heating, wall insulation, solar light vents, kitchen remodels, jewelry, pet supplies, a nonprofit for helping African children, and various food vendors. I also met people from a restore outlet store where you can donate used materials or get recycled home improvement materials.It wasn't that crowded as people were watching a ball game that day. They also had some motor homes that I didn't have time to look at.
For the last three years there have been train shows here. One man sold Thomas the Tank trains which are getting more expensive. They had two main halls which were filled with children's toys, trains, and a clown. And the large main hall was filled with about eight model train exhibits! These were new to me. There even was a computerized miniature train with 10 cars that was operated by a small phone computer! the people here were both young and old. one exhibitor sold drawings of trains. Most just exhibited various landscapes. One model railroad had an outdoor theatre which apparently worked at one time. Most others just exhibited various landscapes and sold tracks, cars, and plants.
Wednesday, October 19, 2011
Ojibway Indians in Canada
The Ojibway were anglicized as Chippewa or Ojibway. They spoke Anishinabe, an Algonquian language. This language is spoken by 50,000 people in the northern US and southern Canada. Ojibway is the healthiest of the native languages, with many children raised to speak it as a native language.
The people are widely distributed in northern central us and in southern Canada. Ojibwe means puckering such a the moccasin style. The Saulteneaux and Mississauga are subtribes of the Ojibway. Today there are 20,000 Ojibway Indians in their traditional territories. There are members of an alliance including the Potawatami tribe. This alliance was powerful and clashed with the Iroquois Confederacy and Sioux. They conquered both of the above. Many of their lands were appropriated by the Americans and Canadians. Today nearly all Ojibwe reservations are in their original lands.
Native-languages.org
The people are widely distributed in northern central us and in southern Canada. Ojibwe means puckering such a the moccasin style. The Saulteneaux and Mississauga are subtribes of the Ojibway. Today there are 20,000 Ojibway Indians in their traditional territories. There are members of an alliance including the Potawatami tribe. This alliance was powerful and clashed with the Iroquois Confederacy and Sioux. They conquered both of the above. Many of their lands were appropriated by the Americans and Canadians. Today nearly all Ojibwe reservations are in their original lands.
Native-languages.org
Cree Indians in Manitoba
The Cree are Algonquian language spoken by more than 45,000 people in Canada and Montana. They have major dialects. Some Cree consider them distinct dialects. The most divergent is eastern Cree. They are a close relative to Innu language and Naskapi. The3y can understnd their neighbors even though they have different dialects. The Cree dialects use shapes to represent consonants and rotate them in four directions to represent vowels.
The Cree are the largest native group in Canada, with 200,00 members. Cree comes from the French name for tribe or "Kristenaux". This word means Christian. The Cree call themselves Ayisiniwok meaning True Men. There are more than 100,000 people known as metis or mixed blood Cree and French.
Their history is so hard to synopsize because it spans a large territory from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Ocean. Their culture and language keep them together as a people. The Cree in Canada did not have a shared history with the anglos in Quebec and CANADA. Because they didn't share much with the anglos the Cree ddn't get much of teh European diseases. As they were a large tribe they had an affinity for intertribal marriage, as their oral history described earlier. The English tended to move indian groups further away from their villages. The French tried to engulf them. The result was metis - a race of mixed French -Cree folks. They lived happy together. Since Canada became a nation the Cree faced the same problem of self determination and land contributions that every aboriginal group has, but they are better equipped to face them. The Cree language is one of the few languages surviving into this century.
native-languages.org
The Cree are the largest native group in Canada, with 200,00 members. Cree comes from the French name for tribe or "Kristenaux". This word means Christian. The Cree call themselves Ayisiniwok meaning True Men. There are more than 100,000 people known as metis or mixed blood Cree and French.
Their history is so hard to synopsize because it spans a large territory from the Rocky Mountains to Atlantic Ocean. Their culture and language keep them together as a people. The Cree in Canada did not have a shared history with the anglos in Quebec and CANADA. Because they didn't share much with the anglos the Cree ddn't get much of teh European diseases. As they were a large tribe they had an affinity for intertribal marriage, as their oral history described earlier. The English tended to move indian groups further away from their villages. The French tried to engulf them. The result was metis - a race of mixed French -Cree folks. They lived happy together. Since Canada became a nation the Cree faced the same problem of self determination and land contributions that every aboriginal group has, but they are better equipped to face them. The Cree language is one of the few languages surviving into this century.
native-languages.org
Assiniboine Indians in Canada
The Assiniboine are speakers of a Siouan language of the Plains. So despite it's similarity to Stony language they can't understand each other. They have about 200 people in Montana and Saskatchewan. Their name is received from an Ojibwa word. for their practice of boiling food by dropping heated rocks into water. Prior to 1640 they split off from the Sioux prior to 1640. From a homeland around the Mississippi river they moved north to the Lake of the Woods to Winnepeg. At the peak of their territory they ranged around Saskatchewan in Canada.
They were first contacted by settlers called Henry Kelsey in the 1690's who hunted the buffalo. Kelsey met Assiniboine trading parties from the trading parties from the James Bay Post west along the canoe route into present day Saskatchewan. They ensured that the fur pelts went to the Hudson Bay company in trade for metal utensils, fires, arms, beads and cloth, tobacco and liquor.
In 1730's other traders confirmed the location of the Assiniboine throughout the western plains their cultural perspective was recorded by the early settlers. Their trails became major trade routes. The anglos valued them for their ability to trap fur bearing animals. Their traditional campsites became centers for the distribution of trading posts on the network of rivers from the Rocky Mountain to the Hudson Bay.
By late 17th century they were noted for pemmican production. They traded European goods to distant Plains groups. After 1730's when they got horses the Assiniboine also had access to guns and metal trade goods and enhanced their role in the fur trade economy. They were allied with the Cree in the 1800's.
They were intermittently in conflict with the Blackfeet, Gros Ventura, and their Sioux relatives. They suffered from European diseases and smallpox. They had a population of over 10,000 in the late 18th century. Their numbers declined catastrophically to 2100 by 1890. By the 1920's they began to increase because of improved health.
Their culture exhibited most of the Plains native traits. Their expertise was in constructing buffalo pounds. They made a greater use of dogs to load their tipis, hides, and personal possessions as they followed the buffalo, deer, elk, moose, and small tanned hides.
Their most sacred ceremony was the sun dance. It was held in early summer after the spring buffalo hunts. They also hunted the other furry animals. The men and women honored the Great Spirit through sacred ceremonies - praying, singing, drumming, dancing, fasting, and they had a feast. Young men would goon a vision quest to sacred grounds. in order to observe their guardian spirits and sacred songs.
On special occasions they had leaders who were chosen for a war chief to lead a battle , or a hunting chief for buffalo hunts. People of wisdom or talent were heard at council to reach consensus on on issues. Today these nations are of aboriginal self government through elected Band Councils., but within the constraints of an Indian Act.. The Constitution of 1982 makes decisions. The Assiniboine reserve is located near Regina and covers 41,000 acres. Their population in 1996 numbered about 981.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
They were first contacted by settlers called Henry Kelsey in the 1690's who hunted the buffalo. Kelsey met Assiniboine trading parties from the trading parties from the James Bay Post west along the canoe route into present day Saskatchewan. They ensured that the fur pelts went to the Hudson Bay company in trade for metal utensils, fires, arms, beads and cloth, tobacco and liquor.
In 1730's other traders confirmed the location of the Assiniboine throughout the western plains their cultural perspective was recorded by the early settlers. Their trails became major trade routes. The anglos valued them for their ability to trap fur bearing animals. Their traditional campsites became centers for the distribution of trading posts on the network of rivers from the Rocky Mountain to the Hudson Bay.
By late 17th century they were noted for pemmican production. They traded European goods to distant Plains groups. After 1730's when they got horses the Assiniboine also had access to guns and metal trade goods and enhanced their role in the fur trade economy. They were allied with the Cree in the 1800's.
They were intermittently in conflict with the Blackfeet, Gros Ventura, and their Sioux relatives. They suffered from European diseases and smallpox. They had a population of over 10,000 in the late 18th century. Their numbers declined catastrophically to 2100 by 1890. By the 1920's they began to increase because of improved health.
Their culture exhibited most of the Plains native traits. Their expertise was in constructing buffalo pounds. They made a greater use of dogs to load their tipis, hides, and personal possessions as they followed the buffalo, deer, elk, moose, and small tanned hides.
Their most sacred ceremony was the sun dance. It was held in early summer after the spring buffalo hunts. They also hunted the other furry animals. The men and women honored the Great Spirit through sacred ceremonies - praying, singing, drumming, dancing, fasting, and they had a feast. Young men would goon a vision quest to sacred grounds. in order to observe their guardian spirits and sacred songs.
On special occasions they had leaders who were chosen for a war chief to lead a battle , or a hunting chief for buffalo hunts. People of wisdom or talent were heard at council to reach consensus on on issues. Today these nations are of aboriginal self government through elected Band Councils., but within the constraints of an Indian Act.. The Constitution of 1982 makes decisions. The Assiniboine reserve is located near Regina and covers 41,000 acres. Their population in 1996 numbered about 981.
NATIVE-LANGUAGES.ORG
Monday, August 29, 2011
HUICHOL INDIANS IN MEXICO
HICHOL INDIANS IN MEXICO ARE INDIGENOUS TO WEST CENTRAL MEXICO AND LIVE IN SIERRA MADRE OCCIDENTAL ALL RANGE NEAR JALISCO. IN THEIR LANGUAGE THEY CALL THEMSELVES 'WIXARITARI'. THEY ORIGINATED SAN LOUIS POTASI AND MIGRATED WEST TO NAYARIT. ANNUALLY THEY JOURNEYED BACK TO SAN LOUISE TO PERFORM THEIR PEYOTE CEREMONIES. ONLY ABOUT 7,000 HICHOL LIVE IN THEIR HOMELAND, WHILE 13,000 HAVE MIGRATED TO OTHER PLACES WITHIN MEXICO.
ACCORDING TO ORAL HISTORY THEIR REGION HAD ANOTHER ETHNIC GROUP,THE TEPECANO. THE HUICHOL MIGRATED FROM SAN LOUIS MIGRATED MIGRATED FROM SAN LUIS POTOSI TO BOLINOS CANYON. CENTRAL TO THEIR RELIGION IS THE GATHERING OF A HALLUCINOGENIC CACTUS FROM POTASI. IT IS LIKE PEYOTE.
IN 1587 ALONSO PONSE WRITINGS DATE FROM THIS YEAR, AND THE TEPEQUE ATTACKED SPANISH SETTLEMENTS. THE SPANISH BROUGHT EPIDEMICS TO THE INDIGENOUS FOLKS. THOSE WHO DID NOT GET ANY DISEASES WERE FORCED BY SPANIARDS TO WORK IN THE MINES AS DOCUMENTED BY ORAL HISTORY.
HUICHOL SPEND SIGNIFICANT TIME WORKING IN TOBACCO, WHICH IS DETRIMENTAL TO HEALTH. OWNERS OF THESE PLANTATIONS NO LONGER USE PESTICIDES ON THEIR CROP. THE INDIANS LIVE IN THE MOUNTAINS ABOVE MAZATLAN AND SELL THEIR CRAFTS TO TOURISTS. IN SUMMER WHEN THE RAINS COME THEY LIVE ON THEIR RANCHOS IN HAMLETS AND MAKE CHEESE FROM THEIR MILK. THEIR DIET IS PRIMARILY TORTILLAS, BLUE, RED, YELLOW OR WHITE CORN, BEANS AND RICE AND PASTA AND AN OCCASIONAL CHICKEN. THEY GATHER WILD FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OF THE REGION SUCH AS LEGUMES WERE GATHERED FROM THE TREES AND PLUMS.
MARRIAGES ARE ARRANGED BY PARENTS WHEN CHILDREN ARE YOUNG. THEY MARRY WHEN THEY ARE 14 OR 17. EXTENDED FAMILIES LIVE TOGETHER. THEIR CRAFTS ARE EMBROIDERY, SOMBREROS, ARCHERY EQUIPMENT, WEAVINGS, EMBROIDERY, AND BEADWORK. FRICTION EXISTS BETWEEN CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANS AND FOLLOWERS OF OLD RELIGION.
THEIR RELIGION HAS FOUR DEITIES - CORN, BLUE DEER, PEYOTE, AND THE EAGLE - ALL FROM THE SUN GOD. ACCORDING TO A MYTH THE SUN CREATED EARTHLY BEINGS WITH HIS SALIVA AND IT APPEARED AS RED FOAM IN THE OCEAN. NEW THINGS ARE BORN FROM HEARTS AND ESSENCES WHICH THE HUICHOL SEE IN THE RED FORM. THEY BELIEVE IN A MAIZE GODDESS, ONE OF MIDWIVES, A MOTHER GIRL, A GOD DEPICTED AS A HEADED EAGLE, AND QUETZALCOATL, A FEATHERED SERPENT.
THE PEYOTE USED IS A PRECOLUMBIAN TRADITION, LIKE MANY INDIGENOUS NATIVE AMERICAN GROUPS. THEY INVOLVE SINGING, WEEPING, AND CONTACTING ANCESTOR SPIRITS. BEFORE COLLECTING PEYOTE, THEY PASS A SACRED SPRING CALLED "WHERE MOTHER LIVES", OR HOUSE OF THE EASTERN RAIN GODDESS!
THEY HAVE A CEREMONY OF SEPARATING THE THE UMBILICAL CORD FROM A NEWBORN BABY AND PLANTING AN AGAVE PLANT THERE. THE HUICHOL KEEP SOULS OF ANCESTORS WHO HAVE RETURNED TO THE WORLD IN THE SHAPE OF ROCK CRYSTALS.
AN IMPORTANT ARTIFACT IS THE NIEIKA, A SMALL SQUARE OR ROUND TABLET WITH A HOLE IN THE CENTER. IT IS COVERED ON ONE OR BOTH SIDES WITH BEESWAX AND FINE RESIN INTO WHICH THREADS OF YARN ARE PRESSED. THEY ARE KEPT IN SHRINES. URBANIZED HUICHOLS HAVE MIGRATED TO CITIES AND DRAW ATTENTION TO THEIR RICH RICH CULTURE THROUGH ART. THE SYMBOLS THEY USE IN THEIR YARN PAINTINGS ARE FROM SHAMANISTIC TRADITIONS. THEY USE PSYCHEDELIC COLORS AND EACH IS RELATED TO A TRADITION . BEADED ART IS RELATIVELY NEW . A WOODEN FORM IS CREATED AND COVERED WITH BEESWAX. BEADS ARE PRESSED INTO FORMS THEY MAKE MASKS, BOWLS, AND FIGURINES. THE HUICHOL REJECT CATHOLIC INFLUENCES OVER THEIR CULTURE.
NATIVELANGUAGES.ORG
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
ACCORDING TO ORAL HISTORY THEIR REGION HAD ANOTHER ETHNIC GROUP,THE TEPECANO. THE HUICHOL MIGRATED FROM SAN LOUIS MIGRATED MIGRATED FROM SAN LUIS POTOSI TO BOLINOS CANYON. CENTRAL TO THEIR RELIGION IS THE GATHERING OF A HALLUCINOGENIC CACTUS FROM POTASI. IT IS LIKE PEYOTE.
IN 1587 ALONSO PONSE WRITINGS DATE FROM THIS YEAR, AND THE TEPEQUE ATTACKED SPANISH SETTLEMENTS. THE SPANISH BROUGHT EPIDEMICS TO THE INDIGENOUS FOLKS. THOSE WHO DID NOT GET ANY DISEASES WERE FORCED BY SPANIARDS TO WORK IN THE MINES AS DOCUMENTED BY ORAL HISTORY.
HUICHOL SPEND SIGNIFICANT TIME WORKING IN TOBACCO, WHICH IS DETRIMENTAL TO HEALTH. OWNERS OF THESE PLANTATIONS NO LONGER USE PESTICIDES ON THEIR CROP. THE INDIANS LIVE IN THE MOUNTAINS ABOVE MAZATLAN AND SELL THEIR CRAFTS TO TOURISTS. IN SUMMER WHEN THE RAINS COME THEY LIVE ON THEIR RANCHOS IN HAMLETS AND MAKE CHEESE FROM THEIR MILK. THEIR DIET IS PRIMARILY TORTILLAS, BLUE, RED, YELLOW OR WHITE CORN, BEANS AND RICE AND PASTA AND AN OCCASIONAL CHICKEN. THEY GATHER WILD FRUITS, VEGETABLES, OF THE REGION SUCH AS LEGUMES WERE GATHERED FROM THE TREES AND PLUMS.
MARRIAGES ARE ARRANGED BY PARENTS WHEN CHILDREN ARE YOUNG. THEY MARRY WHEN THEY ARE 14 OR 17. EXTENDED FAMILIES LIVE TOGETHER. THEIR CRAFTS ARE EMBROIDERY, SOMBREROS, ARCHERY EQUIPMENT, WEAVINGS, EMBROIDERY, AND BEADWORK. FRICTION EXISTS BETWEEN CONVERTS TO CHRISTIANS AND FOLLOWERS OF OLD RELIGION.
THEIR RELIGION HAS FOUR DEITIES - CORN, BLUE DEER, PEYOTE, AND THE EAGLE - ALL FROM THE SUN GOD. ACCORDING TO A MYTH THE SUN CREATED EARTHLY BEINGS WITH HIS SALIVA AND IT APPEARED AS RED FOAM IN THE OCEAN. NEW THINGS ARE BORN FROM HEARTS AND ESSENCES WHICH THE HUICHOL SEE IN THE RED FORM. THEY BELIEVE IN A MAIZE GODDESS, ONE OF MIDWIVES, A MOTHER GIRL, A GOD DEPICTED AS A HEADED EAGLE, AND QUETZALCOATL, A FEATHERED SERPENT.
THE PEYOTE USED IS A PRECOLUMBIAN TRADITION, LIKE MANY INDIGENOUS NATIVE AMERICAN GROUPS. THEY INVOLVE SINGING, WEEPING, AND CONTACTING ANCESTOR SPIRITS. BEFORE COLLECTING PEYOTE, THEY PASS A SACRED SPRING CALLED "WHERE MOTHER LIVES", OR HOUSE OF THE EASTERN RAIN GODDESS!
THEY HAVE A CEREMONY OF SEPARATING THE THE UMBILICAL CORD FROM A NEWBORN BABY AND PLANTING AN AGAVE PLANT THERE. THE HUICHOL KEEP SOULS OF ANCESTORS WHO HAVE RETURNED TO THE WORLD IN THE SHAPE OF ROCK CRYSTALS.
AN IMPORTANT ARTIFACT IS THE NIEIKA, A SMALL SQUARE OR ROUND TABLET WITH A HOLE IN THE CENTER. IT IS COVERED ON ONE OR BOTH SIDES WITH BEESWAX AND FINE RESIN INTO WHICH THREADS OF YARN ARE PRESSED. THEY ARE KEPT IN SHRINES. URBANIZED HUICHOLS HAVE MIGRATED TO CITIES AND DRAW ATTENTION TO THEIR RICH RICH CULTURE THROUGH ART. THE SYMBOLS THEY USE IN THEIR YARN PAINTINGS ARE FROM SHAMANISTIC TRADITIONS. THEY USE PSYCHEDELIC COLORS AND EACH IS RELATED TO A TRADITION . BEADED ART IS RELATIVELY NEW . A WOODEN FORM IS CREATED AND COVERED WITH BEESWAX. BEADS ARE PRESSED INTO FORMS THEY MAKE MASKS, BOWLS, AND FIGURINES. THE HUICHOL REJECT CATHOLIC INFLUENCES OVER THEIR CULTURE.
NATIVELANGUAGES.ORG
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
TOTONAC INDIANS IN MEXICO
TOTONAC PEOPLE RESISTED THE EASTERN COASTAL AND MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF MEXICO AT THE TIME OF SPANISH ARRIVAL IN 1519. THEY RESIDED IN THE STATUS OF VERACRUZ, PUEBLA AND HILDALGO. THEY ARE ONE OF THE POSSIBLE BUILDERS OF PRE COLUMBIA EL TAJIN. THEY FURTHER MAINTAINED QUARTERS IN TEOTIHUACAN. UNTIL 19TH CENTURY THEY WERE THE WORLD'S MAIN PRODUCERS OF VANILLA.
THEY DO THE DANCE OF THE FLYERS. IT IS A CEREMONY THAT THE TOTONAC INDIANS PERFORMED TO END SEVERE DROUGHT. I SAW THIS CEREMONY IN A SMALL TOWN WHEN I TRAVELED TO MEXICO AT 18. IT HAS ROOTS IN PREHISPANIC PERIOD. THEY HAVE A 5 MEN CLIMB A 90 FOOT POLE WITH COSTUMES WITH FOUR PEOPLE ATTACHED TO ROPES TO DESCEND TO THE GROUND. THE TOP MANPLAYS A FLUTE AND DRUMS AND DANCES ON THE POLE. IT IS HELD IN AND AROUND PAPANTIA.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
THEY DO THE DANCE OF THE FLYERS. IT IS A CEREMONY THAT THE TOTONAC INDIANS PERFORMED TO END SEVERE DROUGHT. I SAW THIS CEREMONY IN A SMALL TOWN WHEN I TRAVELED TO MEXICO AT 18. IT HAS ROOTS IN PREHISPANIC PERIOD. THEY HAVE A 5 MEN CLIMB A 90 FOOT POLE WITH COSTUMES WITH FOUR PEOPLE ATTACHED TO ROPES TO DESCEND TO THE GROUND. THE TOP MANPLAYS A FLUTE AND DRUMS AND DANCES ON THE POLE. IT IS HELD IN AND AROUND PAPANTIA.
WIKIPEDIA.COM
ESKIMO INDIANS IN ALASKA
ESKIMOS OR INUIT,AND YUPIK ARE INDIGENOUS ORIGINALLY FROM RUSSIA. THEY CROSSED THE BERING STRAIT TO ALASKA AND CANADA. THERE ARE THREE GROUPS - THE INUIT, YUPIK, AND ALEUT. THE YUPIK LANGUAGE DEVELOPED DIALECTS AND CULTURES IN ALASKA AND EASTERN SIBERIA HAVE EVOLVED SINCE THE ORIGINAL ESKIMO CULTURE. ABOUT 4000 YEARS AGO THE UNAGAM BECAME DISTINCTLY SEPARATE AND EVOLVED INTO NON ESKIMO.
THE EARLIEST ESKIMO CULTURES WERE PRE DORSET TECHNOLOGY THAT DATES TO 5000 YEARS AGO. TODAY THE ESKIMO HAS BEEN REPLACED BY INUIT. THE YUPIK AND INUIT ARE NOW CALLED INUIT AND THERE ARE 150,000 PEOPLE. THEIR TRADITIONAL DIET IS FISH, SEA MAMMALS, LAND ANIMALS, AND THEY USE THEM FOR FOOD, HEAT, LIGHT, CLOTHING AND TOOLS. THEIR CULTURE IS UNIQUE.
YUPIK CULTURE ARE ABORIGINALS WHO LIVE ALONG THE COAST OF WESTERN ALASKA, ESPECIALLY ON THE YUKON. THEIR ECONOMY HAS BEEN STRONG IN THE HARVEST OF MARINE ANIMALS - SEALS, WALRUS AND WHALES. ALUETIANS ARE CALLED PACIFIC YUPIK. THEY LIVED ON COASTAL LANDS AND HARVESTED SALMON, HALIBUT, AND WHALES, AND RICH LAND RESOURCES SUCH AS BERRIES AND LAND MAMMALS. THEY LIVE IN FISHING COMMUNITIES. THEY HAVE 3000 FOLKS WITH ONLY SEVERAL HUNDRED SPEAKNG THE LANGUAGE.
ALL OF THE ESKIMOS USED TI LIVE IN IGLOOS BUT NOT TODAY. THE IGLOOS WERE MADE FROM WHALE BONE AND HIDES WITH SNOW BLOCKS FOR INSULATION. IT GETS -45 DEGREES F THERE.
SOMETIMES THEY BUILT SMALL IGLOOS WITH SNOW ON THE OPEN SEA ICE FOR FISHING. SOME OF THE LARGEST IGLOOS COULD HOLD UP TO 20 PEOPLE. IT IS A DOME SHAPED HOUSE. HEAT IS GENERATED BY A STOVE, LAMP OR BODY HEAT.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
THE EARLIEST ESKIMO CULTURES WERE PRE DORSET TECHNOLOGY THAT DATES TO 5000 YEARS AGO. TODAY THE ESKIMO HAS BEEN REPLACED BY INUIT. THE YUPIK AND INUIT ARE NOW CALLED INUIT AND THERE ARE 150,000 PEOPLE. THEIR TRADITIONAL DIET IS FISH, SEA MAMMALS, LAND ANIMALS, AND THEY USE THEM FOR FOOD, HEAT, LIGHT, CLOTHING AND TOOLS. THEIR CULTURE IS UNIQUE.
YUPIK CULTURE ARE ABORIGINALS WHO LIVE ALONG THE COAST OF WESTERN ALASKA, ESPECIALLY ON THE YUKON. THEIR ECONOMY HAS BEEN STRONG IN THE HARVEST OF MARINE ANIMALS - SEALS, WALRUS AND WHALES. ALUETIANS ARE CALLED PACIFIC YUPIK. THEY LIVED ON COASTAL LANDS AND HARVESTED SALMON, HALIBUT, AND WHALES, AND RICH LAND RESOURCES SUCH AS BERRIES AND LAND MAMMALS. THEY LIVE IN FISHING COMMUNITIES. THEY HAVE 3000 FOLKS WITH ONLY SEVERAL HUNDRED SPEAKNG THE LANGUAGE.
ALL OF THE ESKIMOS USED TI LIVE IN IGLOOS BUT NOT TODAY. THE IGLOOS WERE MADE FROM WHALE BONE AND HIDES WITH SNOW BLOCKS FOR INSULATION. IT GETS -45 DEGREES F THERE.
SOMETIMES THEY BUILT SMALL IGLOOS WITH SNOW ON THE OPEN SEA ICE FOR FISHING. SOME OF THE LARGEST IGLOOS COULD HOLD UP TO 20 PEOPLE. IT IS A DOME SHAPED HOUSE. HEAT IS GENERATED BY A STOVE, LAMP OR BODY HEAT.
WIKIPEDIA.ORG
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